Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Divisions of Nervous System (Developmental divisions (sub-divide…
Divisions of Nervous System
Anatomical divisions
Central nervous system
Brain
cerebrum
cortex
thalamus
basal ganglia
brainstem
mid-brain
pons
medulla
cerebellum
Spinal cord
transmission link between brain & body, housed in vertebral column, travel through the foramen, nerves exit between 2 pedicles
begin as the caudal continuation of medulla, wrapped in 3 meningeal layer- pia, arachnoid, dura
composed of tracts & nuclei
31 pairs of nerves
mixed nerve, serve sensory & voluntary motor for the limbs & trunk, sensory & motor fiber, automatic signals
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumber & sacral, 1 pair of coccygeal nerves
matter: grey matter-butterfly shape; white matter-location of ascending & descending white mater
signal directions: SAME(sensory afferent, motor efferent) DAVE(dorsal afferent, ventral efferent) [sensory nerve is located within dorsal root ganglia]
Peripheral nervous system
cranial nerves (12 pairs)
I Olfactory: S, smell
II Optic S vision
III Oculomotor M eye-move, upper eyelid elevation, pupil constriction
IV Trochlear M down & lateral eye-movement
V Trigeminal B Ophthalmic, maxillary & mandibular. Mastication & Tensor tympani, face senstation [oral stage, chewing, bolus sensation, dampening internal chewing sounds]
VI Abducens M Lateral (distal) eye movement
VII Facial B facial expression, taste sensation (anterior 2/3), salivation [oral stage, taste, bolus formation, speech-articulation ]
VIII Vestibulocochlear S Hearing & vestibular sensation, sound localization
IX Glossopharyngeal B Pharyngeal muscle-stylopharyngeus, taste (posterior 1/3), salivation (parotid), carotid body reflexes [oral & pharyngeal, taste, salivation, pharynx elevation, gag reflex]
X Vagus B Pharyngeal & laryngeal muscles; muscles of soft palate, heart, lungs & digestive tract; sensation from lower pharynx. [velum elevation, gag reflex, vocal fold tension, adduction & abduction-SLN & RLN]
XI Accessory M sternocleidomastoid & trapezius [head turning, shoulder elevation]
XII Hypoglossal M both intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles [oral stage, bolus formation, base of tongue retraction, speech-articulation]
spinal nerves (31 pairs)
sensory receptors- efferent/afferent
Functional divisions
somatic nervous system: voluntary- efferent & afferent
autonomic nervous system
involuntary viscera activities: glandular secretions, heat, digest
sub-system
sympathetic system: fight/flight, increase vessel pressure, dilation of pupils, heart rate, goose bump
parasympthetic system: counteracts flight response and create homeostasis
Developmental divisions
early weeks
neural tube
neural crest cells (for PNS)
4th week
presencephalon
mensencephalon
rhombencephalon
sub-divide
telencephalon-cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon-thalamus & hypothalamus
mesencephalon-mid brain
metencephalon- pons & cerebellum
myelencephalon-medulla