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XVII century: historical-social lbackground (SOCIAL ASPECTS ((thanks to…

- - - - with the Industrial Revolution, England won the title of most powerfull country being able to produce all the raw materials factorie needed.Coal and iron were the foundation stones on which the revolution was built, both were in large supply and would provide the energy and the tools for industrial expansion.
      - thanks to the progress, the living condition of people had imporved: hospital were builded and feutured in the city landscape; travelling was way more easier thank to the canals and road that ere builded, and some cities had a "rate" which was a tax used to pay more services or improved it.
    - - entire families were forced to move to find a job and a way to provvide to their future. Group of more than 10 people would live in a single appartament woth no current water, light, or even windows.
      - 45% of the english population will not made past 5 yeors old. The one able to surivive started to work at the age of 6 and this implied also pregnant women.
- - - - the South Sea Company was found in 1711 as a replacement for the Bank of England. By 1720, the national debt started to grow even more, the price of the shares fell and the `bubble' burst.
        it was considered almost like a political scandal for the lack ofcompetence for the privious political man, until the election of the first Prime Minister, sir Robert Walpole.
      - in the 18th century Britain was the leader in the triangular trade: a deal between Britain, Spanish and America for the traffic ofcotton cloth, metals weapon or good used by the african slaves while working for english masters.
  - - - the parliament had a political system divided in two "groups"
        
        WHIG:supporting the new middle class
        
        sir Robert Walpole was the first englosh Prime Minister, and he was a whig man. His leadership lasted amost 20 years.
        
        TORY: supporting the old aristocracy and the power of the monarch
  - - - during Queen Anne's reign, England took part in the War of the Spanish Succession , which started in 1701 after the death of King Charles II of Spain. Having left no heir, all his possessions (Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, Sicily, Naples and the colonies in South and Central America) went to France. To prevent this county from gaining too much supremacy in Europe in 1702 England entered the war. Britain made significant commercial and obtained a share in the slave trade (Asiento treaty) startd back in the 16th century
    - - the Seven Years' War saw Britain and Prussia allied against France, Austria, Russia and Spain. This war gave England the opportunity to enlarge its colonial possessions. In Europe it was mainly a war between Prussia and Austria, but, later on, Britain allied with Prussia, and France allied with Austria.
        the war evolved equally well for Britain and having established its supremacy in North America as well as in India, the country had definitely won the title of European champion of commercial expansion.