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CULTURAL CONTEXT AUGUSTAN AGE (1688-1776) (JOURNALISM, CIRCULATING…
CULTURAL CONTEXT
AUGUSTAN AGE
(1688-1776)
JOURNALISM
CIRCULATING LIBRARIES WERE BORN IN THIS AGE.
Thanks to the expansion of school system and the increase of people that could write and read.
Finally also women were more educated thanks to the Protestantism.
The middle classes became more educated the number of readers increased exponentially.
The new middle-class readership was largely Puritan and showed a distinct preference for factual writing over fiction (which they regarded to some extent as lying).
Thanks to Richard Steele ("The Tattler" 1709); Later Steele and Joseph Addison (the new periodical "The Spectator" 1711-1714); Samuel Johnson ("The Rambler" ) JOURNALISM WAS BORN.
A curiosity: Samuel Johnson is best remembered for his Dictionary o f the English Language (1755), the first attempt to standardise the pronunciation, definitions and meaning of over 40,000 English words.
NOVELS ALSO WERE IMPORTANT IN THIS AGE
Daniel Defoe
Jonathan Swift
His career started with journalism
Only at the age of 60 he started to write REALISTIC NOVELS
He is cosidered as the father of the English novel
His most known novel is "ROBINSON CRUSOE"
"Robinson Crusoe" is based on real-life experiences of a shipwrecked sailor
It was a prefect example of tha Puritan ideal of self-made man
He was born in Dublin of an English family
He gained very quickly a good reputation as a satirist targeting, political corruption and English misrule in Ireland.
The situation was very hard caused by the differences between Irish and English people, Swift decided to go to London anyway and started to work for Sir Temple.
Thanks to Sir Temple, who encouraged him, Swift stared to write his first satirical work.
His masterpiece, Gulliver's Travels is a political satire of a society that was for the war and the corruption and against altruism and reason as a way of live.