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LANGUAGE CHANGE (Variation and change (Language varies in: (Time, Setting,…
LANGUAGE CHANGE
Variation and change
Language varies in:
Time
Setting
Social context
Speaker innovation(changes are done by the speakers)
Changes from above: changes in language that people are aware of
Changes from below: changes in language that people are not aware of
The spread of vernacular forms
Imitating the speech that are considered prestigious
Expression of solidarity
Usually proposed people in higher social class
New form > Spread usage > Replace
Sounds change over time
How do language changes spread?
From group to group
From style to style
From word to word
Reasons behind language changes
Gender
Differences in the speech between man and woman can cause linguistic change
It can be either of the two who introduce the change
Women tend to introduce changes associated with both prestigious and vernacular forms
Men introduce changes associated with vernacular forms
Interaction
Interaction among people is crucial in channeling linguistic change
Linguistic change in communities with little interaction with the outside world progress slowly
Isolation causes linguistic conservatism
Social status
People of higher status in the community introduce changes from other communities which are considered prestigious
Lower class people spread less-conscious linguistic changes
Studying language change
Apparent-time studies of language changes
Comparing the speech of people from different age
Looking at the frequency of the increase and decrease of a form by age group
Language change in real time
Observing the changes that occur over a period
Known as real time studies
A very reliable method
Consider the social factors affecting the language use