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Chapter 19: Algae and the Origin of Eukaryotic Cells (Origin of…
Chapter 19:
Algae and the Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
DNA structure
prokayotes
naked no proteins
short circles
Eukaryotes
complex
histones
long
Nuclear Structure & Division
prokaryotes
DNA in cytoplasm
no nucleus
mitosis & meiosis
eukaryotes
dna in nucleus
meiotic nuclear division
Organelles
prokaryotes
no membrane bound organelles
eukaryotes
flagella and cilia
Origin of Mitochondria and Plastids: The Endosymbiont Theory
prokaryotes first
endosymbiont theory
cleavage like prokaryotes lack microtubles
Origin of Mitochondria
Prokaryote evolved to having eukaryotic features
bacterium
engulfed
autogenous theory
endomembrane system
mitochondria and plastids
Origin of Plastids
arise by photosynthetic component
cyanobacteria ?
primary endosymbiosis
gave rise to red & green algae
glaucophytes
small group of algae
secondary endosymbiosis
euglenoids
green algae
heterokonts
#
two flagella
Flagella Types
nucleomorph
4DNA Types
Types of Cytokinesis
cleavage furrow similar to animals
occurs by phycoplast
endosymbiosis
live inside together- both benefit
early evolution
protozoans & algae
animals & fungi
embryophytes
#
chloroplast
Dinoflagellates
Oomycetes
red tide
Brown Algae & Their Relatives: The Heterokonts
Brown Algae
littoral zone
Diatoms
Yellow-Green Algae
diverse
Golden Brown Algae
#
Red Algae
color due to phycoerythrin
phyocobilin
floridean starch
excess photosynthate
multicellular
Green Algae
Body Construction
Motile colonies
Nonmotile Colonies
Filamentous Body
Membranous body
Parenchymous body
plasmodesmata
Coenocytic/Siphonous Body
Karyokinesis w/o cytokinesis
Life Cycles
cell cycle
w/ meiosis & syngamy
dibontic
alternation of generations between haploid & diploid
monobiontic
specialization occurs in the one free living generation
Representative Genera of Green Algae
Unicellular Species
Motile Colonial Species
Filamentous Species
Laminar Species
Coenocytic Species
Parenchymatous Species
Green Algae & Embryophytes
Euglenoids
coccolithophorids
no decomposition
related
related!