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Structure of woody plants (vascular cambium # (cambial cells and their…
Structure of woody plants
vascular cambium
#
meristem
produces the secondary body of the plant
continue to divide, never becoming mature
compose the fascicular cambium
compose the intrafascicular cambium
cambial cells and their assortment
storied cambium cells
contain horizontal rows that are visible
nonstoried cambium cells
do not have have a visible horizontal pattern
two types of cells
ray cells
shorter and more compact than fusiform cells
Short cells, essentially produce storage vats for the plant
fusiform cells
these cells are the longer stringier cells seen in tissue
contain phloem and related tissues
companion cells
sieve tube members, long and elongated
sieve cells
essential in transportation
fibers
contain xylem and other tissues
tracheids
fibers
vessel elements
xylem and its components
#
reactant wood
makes the branch wider and prevents drooping, sturdy
contains tension wood
type of wood cells contained in xylem
anything within the bark is classified as wood
wood contains everything the tree needs to function and survive
axial system, is composed of fusiform cells, which are elongated transportation cells
contain fibers, which are essential in the structure of trees
provide support to the tree and its stems
hardwoods
contain many fibers to provide support in the center of said tree
contain tracheary elements which aid in the flow of water throughout the tree
softwoods
softwoods contain more vessel elements, providing for the tree
all of the cell types in the primary xylem
develops from the short and squatty ray type cells
simple cells composed of parenchyma
ray cells
biserate cells
multiserate cells
uniseriate cells
store nutrients, water and waste
Heartwood vs sapwood
sapwood
is moister due to the active vessel elements it contains
is usually contained in the outer portion of wood, nearer to bark
lighter in color than the dark heartwood
has a new layer formed each year, resulting in new growth
heartwood
gains a little bit of sapwood every year, becoming larger
is commonly found in the middle of the stem or trunk
Darker in color than the younger sapwood
dryer than sapwood due to less active transport cells
Growth rings and vascular cambium
early wood
contains wide tracheids and wide vessels to aid in distribution
this wood is formed the soonest
late wood is formed later in the year, in the hottest months closest to fall
less vessels
less vessels means more fibrous cells, adding support to the tree
growth ring
contains both early and late wood, late wood is the 'ring'
diffuse porous wood is contained through all sorts of tree growth
porous ring is contained in mainly early wood
contains large vessels
phloem
composed of the vascular cambium
axial transportation
sends products vertically throughout the plant to their destinations
with the assistance of...
sieve tube members, which transport produce throughout the organism
require a closed circuit in order to maintain pressure
companion cells, assists the sieve cells in accomplishing their job
function not entirely understood
fibers, adding support
other various sorts of parenchyma cell
the 'circulatory system' of the plant
radial (circular) system
ray initials
consists of parenchyma cells that are primarily involved in storage of necessary materials
Roots
#
roots are responsible for going into the earth in order to obtain water and nutrients for the plant to make use of
taproot
typically found in arid environments
singular large root penetrates more deeply into soil, where water has not evaporated
a necessity in the desert, where much of the soil is void of water
a larger singular root with some root hair extending from the central locus
like the fibrous root, provides an anchor for stability
fibrous root system
unlike a taproot, fibrous roots spread out far and wide rather than narrow and deep
fibrous roots are generally shallow, but can be very extensive otherwise
increased number of roots increases surface area
therefore increased foraging capability
also provide support for the plant, an anchor
usually found in more hospitable environments
all roots are essential to maintaining the pressure required to draw water through the plant
constantly provide water for the plant to maintain homeostasis
