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The XIII century (-The age of reason because the most widespread…
The XIII century
-The age of reason because the most widespread philosophy that shaped the mind of the period was Enlightment, so the reason that had to be used to understand the world and its rules.
Coffee houses:
Best way to organise the society and manage power. >Talk about explorations. >Gossip and cultural debate >Public opinion and journalism.>Women were not admitted
Woman's condition
The society offered few chances for women to express themselves >They were denied access to univerities and professions. >Prostitution.
Scientific Revolution
Locke, Hume, Montesquieu. >Critique of traditions an of historical institutions. >State of Nature: theory of the noble savage.
Methodism
Respectability and moral dignity living with temperance and method
Materialist society
The society championed individualism
-The Augustan age, because it is similar to the augastan age of the roman period, that was characterized by balance, harmony and peace, so that for England was a great period.
This harmony depended on the evolution of the Parliament. First of all two parties developed: the Tory and the Whigs; the Tory represented the old aristocracy and Church: on the other hand the Whigs represented the emerging middle class.
UTILITARIANISM
-A theory that the aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number
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The age of Revolutions
-Industrial Revolution: this process was a process from cottage to large scale production.It was not only scientific and an economic process, but a social one. It principally affected the texile and metallurgical sector. There was the introduction of new machinery.
More enclosed land forced people to work in the cities >Drinking alcohol was a way to escape from the drudgery of the working day
Every worker did one specfic job >Coal and iron were the foundation stones on which the Revolution was built. >Rise of middle class
-American Revolution: >"No taxation without rappresentation" >"Boston Tea party in 1773". >1776, Thomas Jefferson and the other american leaders wrote the "Declaration of Independence". >1783, Britain recognise 13 colonies. >The United States of America
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The Power of Monarch had been limited in favour of Parliament >Development of a constitutional monarchy >Elections controlled by local landowners since voting was not secret
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In this period there was the Birth of the Prime Miinister. The first was Sir Robert Walpole (1721-1742), he kept England out of conflict.>He manipulated the king, the queen and the MPs with equal ability. >He abolished export duty and impose the excise duty. >His name was also important for the"South sea bubble crisis."
-The South sea bubble crisis: in alternative to the Bank of England was founded in 1711 the South Sea Company. At first the government borrowd money from the Bank of England; the bank was grown as "National Debt" and the price of shares fell and the "bubble" burst. It was also a political scandal, because many politicians sold their offices for money and were therefore corrupt. So Walpole had been able to bring the people's trust in the politicians of the time
William Pitt understood that in a merchantalists age wealth came from trade and trading empire was based on control of world trade.
The Golden age
The Triangular Trade
Called also the "Slave run".
Britain, Africa and America
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The period that goes from 1688 to 1776 was as been called in several ways, it has been called:
-The Augastan age
-The Gokden age
-The age of Revolutions
-The age of reason
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The Goldan age because England was becoming richer and richer, thanks to a part from industrial revolution with which it was making a lot of profits, but also thanks to the slave trade.
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