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HISTORIC-SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL BACKGROUND OF XVIII CENTURY (AUGUSTAN AGE…
HISTORIC-SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL BACKGROUND OF XVIII CENTURY
THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS
THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
Boston Tea Party
No taxation without representation
Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson
THE ACT OF UNION
Defeated at Culloden
Rebellion in Scotland to reach independence
The unification of England and Scotland
THE RISE OF MIDDLE CLASS
The merchants own mines and manufactoring factories, they also marry aristocratic people to gain prestige
Urban population live in horrible conditions and had no political rights so workhouses were built all over the country
The artisans and craftsmen work long hours and get a poor pay
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Consequences
Textile Industry with The Spinning Jelly
Trasport revolution with locomotives
The Economic revolution with Laissez-Faire policy
Socio-economic changes created a more organized society
The Agricoltural revolution thanks to new machines
Coal and Iron Industries
Causes
New inventions
The growth of population
More education
Transportation of goods
Government stability
Investment
THE GOLDEN AGE
WOMEN
Excluded from political life
Constituted the market for fiction
Aristocratic families need girls who serve as mates
Employed in industries
METHODISM
Religious movement against the material values promoted by middle class
Created Sunday schools where people studied the Bible and learn to read and write
Gives importance to respectability and moral dignity
Families concerned on the education of their children
COFFEE HOUSES
Meeting places for political, cultural and philosophical debate
Journalism and public opinion developed
a place only for men
UTILITARIANISM
Bentham said that there is an invisible hand that managed economy so the State had not to interfere, he argued that we should follow the principle of utility rather than rules
Mill said that happiness is something that people desire only for happiness but we need to look at life as a whole, we are happy when actions promote happiness and no pleasure, people had to put others interests before their own interests
Championed individualism and material happiness because the richer a population is, the happier a population is
AUGUSTAN AGE
EVOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT
513 members for England and Wales and 45 for Scotland controlled by noble families
Politicians bribe people
Development of a constitutional monarchy
Voting was not secret
TRIANGULAR TRADE
British carried manufactored goods to West Africa
The slaves were transported to the Caribbean islands, to North and South America
In America they sold the slaves and took goods
William Wilberforce helped abolish slave trade
THE SOUTH SEA BUBBLE CRISIS
In 1719 received a monopoly of the slave trade so speculators are encouraged to invest but the price of the shares fell and the Bubble burst. It was a political scandal
Walpole saved the face of the court
An alternative to the Bank of England, the loan was know as National Debt
THE PRIME MINISTER
He wanted to maintain peace and stability so economy can grow
Robert Walpole was a cunning politician that bribe people to support him
Encouraged trade and industry, abolished export duties and make lower import duties on raw materials
WILLIAM PITT
Mercantilist policy
Transform the country into an imperial power
Wanted to make british navy stronger than other countries