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The XVIII century (Historical Background (In 1711 was founded the South…
The XVIII century
Historical Background
Parliament was less representative. Voting was not secret and elections were controlled. There was two political parties: Whig and Tory.
Britain was the leader of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa and America.
Englad took part of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701, after the death of King Charles II of Spain
In 1711 was founded the South Sea Company as an alternative to the Bank of Englad, but in 1720 the price of "shares" fell and there was a crisis.
Robert Walpole managed to save many people from the scandal and he became Britain's first Prime Minister.
Britain allied with Prussia against France during the Seven Years' War and Britain defeated France thanks to his navy.
The unification of England and Scotland hadn't been accepted by all Scottish people and a rebellion had developed to reach indipendece.
American colonies decided to rebel against England because of their exploitation.In 1783 Britan officially recognized the 13 colonies as an independent nation.
Economic Background
In 1700 farmers still grew crops and raised sheep on common land. There was an increase in population and the system of land enclosure was intensified.
Factories were built to produce the products that the market required. The work was split up so every worker did only one job.
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Social Background
Many coffee houses had been opened and were associated with news and gossip. They were attended by men.
Enlightenment developed in 17th and 18th centuries with the aim of freeing man's mind from ignorance through knowledge and science.
Enlightened thinkers aimed at discovering the original natural nucleus. They affirmed free-will, salvation for all, the goodness of mankind and its capacity of progess
During the Golden Age, the society became materialistic and pragmatic.
The main concern was to understand the world and how people could domate it in an efficial and effective way. The state was liberal.
People had to survive with their best qualities that God gave them. They hadn't the time to think about existencial questions due to economic pressure.
Utilitarism developed in this century. It thinks that an action is moraly right if it has consequences that lead to happiness and also all the insitutions should be tested in the light of common sense and reason to determinate if they are useful.
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