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Chapter 10 (light reactions (these two stages of photosynthesis are known…
Chapter 10
light reactions
these two stages of photosynthesis are known as the light reaction(the photo part of photosynthesis) and the Calvin cycle ( the synthesis part)
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water is split, providing a source of electrons and protons (hydrogen ions, H+ ) and giving off O2 as a by-product.
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NADPH
the light reactions use solar energy to reduce NADP+ to NADPH by adding a pair of electrons along with an H+.
photophosphorylation
the light reactions also generate ATP, using chemiosmosis to power the addition of a phosphate group to ADP.
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chlorophyll
the green pigment that gives leaves their color, resides in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
thylakoids
suspended within the stroma is a third membrane system, made up of sacs called thylakoids, which segregates the stroma from the thylakoid space inside these sacs
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NADP+
Light absorbed by chlorophyll drives a transfer of the electrons and hydrogen ions from water to an acceptor, where they are temporarily stored
carbon fixation
the cycle begins by incorporating CO2 from the air into organic molecules already present in the chloroplast. This initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds.
Autotrophs produce their organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic raw materials obtained from the environment.
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The Nature of Sunlight
Light is a form of energy known as electromagnetic energy, also called electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic energy travels in rhythmic waves analogous to those created by dropping a pebble into a pond.
electromagnetic waves, however, are disturbances of electric and magnetic fields rather than disturbances of a material medium such as water
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electromagnetic spectrum
wavelengths range from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer. this entire range of radiation is known as the electromagnetic spectrum
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photons
the model of light as waves explains many of light's properties, but in certain respects light behaves as though it consists of discrete particles
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