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HIV -----> AIDS (HIV (final stage of HIV infection is called AIDS…

- - - - largest lymphoid organ
      - function
        
        site of lymphocyte proliferation
        
        cleanse aged blood
        
        stores RBC
        
        stores platelets
      - white pulp
        
        immune functions occur here
      - red pulp
        
        blood borne pathogens destroyed here
    - - gather or remove pathogen from in food or air
    - - principal secondary lymphoid structures
      - most are embedded deep in CT
      - some are near body surface
        
        inguinal
        
        cervical
        
        axillary
      - function
        
        cleanse lymph
        
        immune sys. activation
    - - Protect pathogen entry to the body
    - - site of T cell maturation
- - - - external body membranes
        
        skin
        
        physical barrier
        
        acidity of skin prevents micro organism growth
        
        acid mantle
        
        lipids in sebum, dermcidin in sweat are toxic to bacteria
        
        mucosae
        
        mechanical barrier
        
        isoenzymes,lacrimal fluid,respiratory mucus kills microorganisms
        
        mucin lines digestive and respiratory tract ,traps micro organisms
        
        mucus-coated hairs in nose trap particles
        
        cilia in upper respiratory tract send bacteria and trapped particle toward mouth
    - - antimicrobial proteins
        
        interferons for viruses
        
        complement proteins for bacteria
      - phagocytes
        
        WBC that ingest/digest foreign invaders
        
        Neutrophills
        
        most abundant
        
        die fighting
        
        use defensin to pierce pathogen membrane
        
        Macrophages
        
        chief phagocytes
        
        most robust
        
        developed from monocytes
        
        free or fixed macrophages
        
        kill pathogens by osponization
      - Natural killer cells
        
        poke cell with perforin
        
        fill with granzyme
        
        foreign or infected cell die through Apoptosis
        
        secrete cytokines that enhance inflammatory response
      - inflamation
        
        histamine,kinis,cytokines,postglandin
        
        cause vasodilation and increase capillary leakage
        
        attract pathogen
        
        phagocyte mobilization
      - fever
        
        leukocyte and macrophages secrete pyrogens
        
        pyrogens act on body's thermostat
        
        increase body tem.
        
        fever increase metabolic rate
        
        increases repair rate
  - - - attacks foreign substances
      - B-cells
        
        mature in bone marrow
        
        secrete antibodies
        
        mark antigens for destruction
        
        army of effecter cells
        
        army quickly multiplies
        
        secrete antibodies
        
        binds to free antigens
        
        mark them for destruction
        
        some clone cells become plasma cells
        
        rest become memory cells
        
        naturally and artificially acquired antibodies are used
        
        antibody classes
        
        1 more item...
      - T-cells
        
        in thymus
        
        manage immune response
        
        helper t cells
      - lymphocytes
        
        binds to antigens
        
        either directly kill
        
        increase inflammatory responses
        
        when activated forms colones