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C10. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Endocrine Gland (8) & their Hormones (Pituitary…
C10. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Introduction
Endocrine System VS Nervous System
Endocrine systems - acts through chemical messengers
Nervous sytem - acts through
electrical impulses and neurotransmitters
--> causing muscle contraction and glandular secretion
Exocrine Glands VS Endocrine Glands
Endocrine gland -
ductless
glands
Exocrine gland -
have ducts
that carry secretory product
Characteristics
of hormones
Chemical
nature of hormones
Classification of hormones
Proteins
Fundamental blocks are amino acids.
Must be administered by
injection
Examples: Most hormones in human body
Steroids
Examples: Sex hormones and those from adrenal cortex
Lipid derivatives
May be taken orally
lipid soluble
Mechanism
of hormone action
Receptor sites
Surface
of cell membrane
In the
interior of cell
Control
of hormone action
Tropic Hormone
Examples: TSH, ACTH, FSH & LH by pituitary gland
hormones that cause secretion of other hormone
Negative feedback mechanism
A gland is sensitive to the concentration of a substance that it regulates.
Example: the interaction between insulin and glucose in blood
Direct nervous stimulation
A nerve stimulus causes gland A to secrete its hormone
Endocrine Gland
(8) & their
Hormones
Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
Anterior part
Thyroid-Stimulating hormone (TSH) / thryotropin
causes the glandular of thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Gonadrotopic hormones
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin
Growth hormone (GH)
Hormone that stimulates the growth of bones, muscles and other organs promoting protein synthesis.
Posterior part
Oxytocin
contraction of uterus
ejection of milk from lactating breast
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
kidney
Thyroid gland
Thyroid hormones - requires iodine for synthesis, mainly metabolism
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
reduce calcium level in blood
oppose the action of parathyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone / parathormone
regulates calcium levels in blood by increasing it
Pancreas (Islet of Langerhans)
Insulin
decreases glucose level in blood
Glucagon
increases glucose level in blood
Gonads
Pineal gland
Melatonin
Sleeping hormone
Adrenal gland / Suprarenal
Hormones of
Adrenal Medulla
epinephrine (adrenaline)
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Hormones of
Adrenal Cortex
mineralocorticoids
Aldosterone
promotes absorption of minerals
Gonadocorticoids
Androgens
Estrogens
Glucocorticoid
cortisol
increase blood glucose level
Thymus
thymosin
Production of T-lymphocyte
Topic Outcome