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LIFE CYCLE IN ANGIOSPERMS (STAGE OF FLOWER LIFE CYCLE (3) PLANT GROWTH…

- - - - APICAL MERISTEMS
      - SHOOT APICAL MERISTEMS (SAM)
      - INFLORESCENCE (IM)
      - FLORAL MERISTEMS (FM)
      - VEGETATIVE MERISTEM
      - INFLORESCENCE MERISTEM
- - - - PHOTOPERIOD (DAY LENGTH)
        
        SHORT-DAY PLANTS
        
        FLOWER WHEN DAY IS SHORT, NIGHT IS LONG
        
        LONG-DAY PLANTS
        
        FLOWER WHEN DAY IS LONG, NIGHT IS SHORT
        
        DAY-NEUTRAL
        
        DOES NOT DEPEND ON DAY LENGTH
      - TEMPERATURE (VERNALISATION STAGE)
    - - FLORIGEN
        
        CONTROLLING AND TRIGGERING FLOWERING
- - - - ABC GENES
        
        A GENES
        
        INDUCES THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEPALS
        
        A GENES + B GENES
        
        INDUCES THE DEVELOPMENT OF PETALS
        
        B GENES + C GENES
        
        INDUCES THE DEVELOPMENT OF STAMENS
        
        C GENES
        
        INDUCES THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARPELS
  - - - ANTHER
      - FILAMENT
      - ANDROECIUM (MALE)
    - - STIGMA
      - STYLE
      - OVARY
      - GYNOECIUM (FEMALE)
- - - - Both gynoecium and androecium
      - Monecious
    - - Lack either gynoecium or androecium
      - Decious
      - Carpelate flower : lack stamens, have carpels
      - Staminate flower : lack carpels, have stamens
    - - Have all 4 flower parts : gynoecium, androecium, calyx and corolla (caperls, stamens, sepals and petals)
      - Monecious
    - - Missing one or more flower parts
      - Either monecious or diecious
    - - Staminate and carpelate flower on a same plant
    - - Staminate or carpelate flower on a same plant
  - - - Sepals
      - leaf-like structure, to protect flower in bud
    - - Petals
      - Larger, colourful, have scent and nectar
      - To attract pollinator like insects and birds
    - - Stamens
      - Long filament with anther at tip, with 2 pairs of pollen sac
      - Have different adaptations to specialize pollination and prevent self-fertilization, thus increase diversity
    - - Caperls, often fused into single pistil
      - Consists of stigma, style, ovary
      - Have different adaptations to specialize pollination and prevent self-fertilization, thus increase diversity
      - Develop into fruit after fertilization
    - - Receptive surface for pollen, germinates its pollen tube
    - - Hold the stigma some distance from ovary
    - - Have one or more ovules which contain one female gametophyte
      - One ovule will develop into seed
- - - - Two cotyledons
    - - One cotyledons
  - - - Cotyledons are above ground
    - - Cotyledons remain in soil
  - - - Gynoecium
      - Androecium
  - - - Insects
      - Birds
      - Human
      - Wind
      - Water
    - - Self-pollination
      - Cross-pollination
- - - - STAMEN
        
        FILAMENT
        
        ANTHER
        
        EPIDERMIS
        
        ENDOTHECIUM
        
        MIDDLE LAYERS
        
        TAPETUM
      - MICROSPOROGENESIS
        
        MICROSPORE (n)
      - MICROGAMETOGENESIS
        
        POLLEN GRAINS
        
        WALL
        
        EXINE
        
        INTINE
        
        CELLS
        
        VEGETATIVE CELL
        
        REPRODUCTIVE CELL
    - - PISTIL
        
        OVARY
        
        FRUIT
        
        OVULE
        
        SEED
      - STIGMA
      - STYLE
      - MEGASPOROGENESIS
        
        MEGASPORE (n)
      - MEGAGAMETOGENESIS
        
        EMBRYO SACS
        
        WALL
        
        INTEGUMENT
        
        NUCELLUS
        
        CHALAZAL END
        
        3 ANTIPODAL CELL
        
        MICROPYLAR END
        
        2 POLAR NUCLEI
        
        MIDDLE PART
        
        1 EGG & 2 SYNERGID CELL
- - - - DEVELOP POLLEN GRAIN
    - - DEVELOP OVARY
  - - - POLLEN GRAIN
        
        DEVELOP IN ANTHER
    - - EMBRYO SAC
        
        DEVELOP IN OVULE
  - - - FERTILIZED EGG CELL
    - - 2X FERTILISATION
        
        1 SPERM + 1 EGG CELL = ZYGOTE (2n)
        
        1 SPERM + 2 POLAR NUCLEI = ENDOSPERM (3n)
  - - - DEVELOP SPORE
        
        2 TYPES