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Speech data interpretation (Inconsistency, variability (What is it?…
Speech data interpretation
Intelligibility
Factors affecting
No., types of SS errors
Consistency of sound errors
Freq of occurence of sound errors
phonological processes used- backing, ICD has most impact on intelligibility
Studies show
5;0-6;0 should be intelligible most of the time=intact SS system
Intelligibility improves over time=learning lang structure etc
How to measure
Open set word identification-calculates % words unds in sample where examiner transcribes speech sample
Closed set word identification-listener identifies words read from prescribed list
Rating scale procedures
Formal Ax
Chn's speech intelligibility measure-single words only
Ax of intelligibility of dysarthric speech: designed for use w adults (has been adapted for chn also), single word, sentence lvl, child needs to be able to read, repeat lengthy sentences
Diff lang: intelligibility in context scale. For parents, caregivers --> best if conversational sample
Severity
Factors
Effect of disorder upon speech intelligibility
Degree of concern (social interaction) disorder causes child, parent, teachers
Conseq of disorder
Measured by
% consonants correct
Reflective of speech competence bcos vowels X usually an issue
200-500w about 5-10min conversational
X score distortions as wrong
omissions, substitutions equal weighting
% phonemes correct
% occurrence of process: count chances for occurences in positions you are assessing. Might be all positions or just one position
Clinician's rating
Dev vs. non-dev errors
Qualitative change
INCORRECT <--> Gradual mvm <--> Correct
Whether child is making that change. Is it moving closer/further?
That weird sound is actually progress
t (cluster reduction)--> ss (fricative)--> st (actual cluster)
Inconsistency, variability
What is it?
Feature in typically dev. children
Decreases b/w 2;0-4;0
The worse you are w accuracy, the more variable you are going to be
In older children, thought to reflect underlying deficit in assembly, storage, retrieval of phon output plan
motor planning: what happens when you want to retrieve sth from lexical store
Conseq
Reduces intelligibility
Associated w ongoing difficulties
Indicates that they dont know diff speech sounds well
work on inconsistency then structural process later
Makes children resistant to traditional Tx
Types
Resolving
phoneme change
Phonotactic change (CV structure)
Phoneme+phonotactic change
Sources
Sound represented difficulty in diff positions
Phonetic variability: can occur in children's speech, phonemic inventory eg. k at end of word, but not at beginning of word
Resolving process
Reduced word knowledge and/or retrieval
Weak phonological plan-same word produced diff--> leads to label of inconsistent speech disorder
Scoring exceptions
Changes in morphological structure
eg. jumping instead of jump
Addition of dimunitive eg. chips --> chipiz
Voicing
Phonetic variability: lateral s
Theories
Psycholing theory
-suggests that diff levels of speech processing involved in discrimination, production of speech. Distinguishes b/w input, output processing. Describes how info about speech sounds is stored (lexical representations)-phon representations, semantic representations
Ling disorder-
based on surface error patterns. AD vs. PD (at least 1 atypical process). Uses delayed, atypical processes consistently. Can predict how child says a word. Difficulty in abstracting phon rules
Dodd's model
What is it?
Discrete. Not transitional. Chn X move from one classification to other
Each subtype may occur at any age/stage of child's dev
Any one of (phon delay/consistent, atypical phon disorder/incosistent phon disorder) + articulation disorder
Trends
Delayed: Where % consonant correct is high, SR is low
Inconsistent: where % consonant correct is low, SR is high