Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
THE XVIII CENTURY: HISTORIC-SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL BACKGROUND (AGE OF…
THE XVIII CENTURY: HISTORIC-SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL BACKGROUND
GOLDEN AGE
England became richer and richer
Industrial revolution
CAUSES
Decrese of death rate
Increase of birth rate
Growth of population
Increase of demande
Land enclosures: closing of open fields
Cottage economy repleaced by the industrial system
1 more item...
New crops: potatoes and barley
New and better sanitary conditions
EFFECTS
Positive
Building of hospitals
Increase of welfare
Increase of life expectancy
New taxes
Improving of living conditions
Travelling became easier and faster
Rise of the middle class
They control the most productive trades
The slave trade or triangular trade
They supported
Middle class members were the owners of the mines and of the manifacturing fctories
Methodism
A sort of protestantism based on appearance and respectability
Negative
Subhuman working conditions
Polluted and unsafed working place
16 hours of working a day
Children and women employed as men
Building of mushroom towns near factories
Bad living conditions
51% of children died befor the were 5
Diseases like typhus and scurvy
No sanitation
Drinking alcohol to escape from the drudgery of the working day
Poor people were closed in workhouses
The creation of a too wide gap between the middle class and the workers class. These one were subjected to the first ones.
Colonial expansion commerce
Colonies provided raw material at law price
Colonies were obliged to commerce only with England
American revolution
On the Whig principle "No taxation without representation"
In 1783 were born the United States of America
They payed expensive taxes and duties
AGE OF REVOLUTIONS
French revolution
AUGUSTAN AGE
Two party political system
Whig
Supported by middle class
The held a majority for 60 years
Bribing the electorate
Since the vote wasn't secret but largely controlled by land owners
Thanks to capable and skilled politicians
Sir Robert Walpole
The first Prime Minister
After the solving of The South Sea Company bubble crisis
A company who had the asiento for
1 more item...
A company used as an alternative to the Bank of England
A political scandal
He saved money
Cutting the size of the army
Introducing a new tax on luxury goods
Lowering import duties
Abolishing export duties
William Pitt the elder
Who understood the matter of controlling the trade
He made the British navy stronger than the others
Tory
Supported by the old land aristocracy and the church
The power of the monarch had limited in favour of the Parliament
age of armony and political stability