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Forces! (Inclined Planes (At least two forces act upon objects on inclined…

- - - - For inclined planes, gravity is split into two perpendicular components, one parallel and one perpendicular to the inclined surface.
        
        The parallel component is the net force of an object
        
        Fparallel=mgsinθ
        
        The parallel component of gravity isn’t balanced by any other forces, thus the object accelerates down the plane by the lack of balanced forces.
        
        Fperpendicular=mgcosθ
        
        Perpendicular force is directed the opposite direction of the normal force, thus balancing the normal force
      - In the absence of friction on inclined forces, the equation to find acceleration is Fparallel/m, or a=g*sinθ
  - - - Normal force acts perpendicular to the surface that an object is on, not perpendicular to gravity
- - - - "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction"
        
        In every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting upon BOTH objects, and the size of force on the first object equals the size of force on the second object, but the directions of force on the first obj. is opposite that of the second object.
      - Forces ALWAYS come in pairs-equal and opposite action-reaction pairs
      - Force: A push or pull that acts upon an object as a result of its interaction w/ another obj.
        
        Two forces result in any interaction with a given object, action and reaction forces
  - - - If forces are balanced & an object is in motion, the object will stay in motion with a=0 and a constant velocity
      - "An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force."
      - If forces are balanced and objects are at rest, they'll stay at rest
    - - FORCES DO NOT KEEP AN OBJECT MOVING!!
      - Mass-solely dependent on inertia of an object; more inertia=more mass, less inertia=less mass
      - Inertia: The tendency for objects to keep "doing what they're already doing"
    - - Inertia: The tendency for an object to resist changes to its velocity
      - Inertia: The tendency for an object to resist changes to its acceleration
    - - An object is at equilibrium when there are no unbalanced forces acting upon it
      - Unbalanced forces cause accelerations
      - Normal force-what pushes up on a book on a table to keep it from going through the table
      - Unbalanced forces are acting upon objects only when there is an individual force NOT being acted upon by another force of equal magnitude in the opposite direction
  - - - Finding Acceleration/Finding Individual Forces:
        
        Three Major Equations
        
        Fnet=m*a
        
        Ffrict=𝞵*Fnorm
        
        Fgrav=m*g
      - The Big Misconception
        
        SUSTAINING MOTION DOES NOT REQUIRE FORCE!!!
        
        FORCE CAUSES ACCELERATION!!!
      - Newton's Second Law
        
        The acceleration of an object is dependant
        on two things, net force and mass
        
        "The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object."
        
        1N=1kg*m/s/s
        
        Force used is NOT ANY OLD FORCE, must be NET FORCE!!!!!
        
        Acceleration of an object depends directly on net force and inversely on mass
        
        Equation: a=Fnet / m OR Fnet=m*a
- - - - Contact forces
        
        Contact forces: types of forces that result from two objects that appear to be in contact with each other
        
        Ex. frictional forces, tensional forces, normal forces, air resistance forces, applied forces
      - Forces resulting from action at a distance
        
        At a distance forces: forces that result even if both objects aren’t in contact with each other, but are still able to push/pull on each other
        
        Ex. Gravitational forces, electrical forces, magnetic forces
    - - Diagrams used to show direction and magnitude of forces acting upon an object
        
        Size of the arrow represents the magnitude of the force
        
        The direction of the arrow shows the direction of the force that is acting upon the object
  - - - The object compressing the spring is being acted upon by a force that restores the obj. To equilibrium
    - - Often ignored since it has negligible magnitude and is only useful at high speeds
    - - Force of gravity on Earth is always equal to the weight of the object as found by the equation: Fgrav=m*g, where m=mass (in kg) and g=9.8 N/kg (ON EARTH!!)
    - - Friction force often opposes movement of an obj.
      - Max amount of friction force that a surface can exert on an obj. Is Ffrict=μ*Fnorm
      - Two types of friction force, sliding and static
        
        Sliding Friction: results when an obj. slides across a surface
        
        Formula: Ffrict-sliding=𝞵frict-sliding*Fnorm
        
        𝞵frict-sliding rep. coefficient of sliding friction between the two surfaces
        
        Dependent on nature of surfaces being slid upon
        
        Static Friction: when the surfaces of two objects are at rest relative to one another and a force exists on one of the objects to set it into motion relative to the other object.
        
        Represented with the equation: Ffrict-static≤𝞵frict-static*Fnorm
        
        𝞵frict-static rep. the coefficient of static friction between two surfaces-dependant on type of surface
        
        Generally greater values than those of sliding friction on the same surface
        
        Basically stops the obj. with force existing on it from moving
    - - FD=0.5DV^2CDA
        
        V is velocity (m/s)
        
        CD is the coefficient of drag
        (based on the basic shape of the obj.)
        
        D is density of the fluid (liquid or gas) (kg/m^3)
        
        A is cross sectional area (m^2) (the area of the object when it is facing towards you-only the area of what you can see)
  - - - Two forces of equal magnitude and opposite direction will cancel each other out