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Lymphatic & Immune System Mia Gonzales period 6 (anatomy of lymphatic…
Lymphatic & Immune System
Mia Gonzales period 6
Humoral vs cellular response
cellular
cytotoxic cells defend against infection in already infected, cancer or transplanted cells
lymphocytes that mature in thymus are called T cells and are involved in cell mediated immune response.
humoral
primary response: B cells with specific receptors bind to specific antigen
secondary response: reintroduction of antigen at future time, faster and more efficient then primary destroys pathogen before any symptoms show
active immunity: body's B cells have to make antibodies and memory cells
passive immunity: antibodies are obtained from someone else but memory doesn't occur
disorders of immune system
allergies
immune system may recognize and respond to a protein-haptin combo, it attacks our own cells
autoimmune disorders
body targets own antigen because it doesn't recognize it
antibodies
functions
neutralization: some work as antitoxins, blocking the effects of poisons produced by certain bacteria.
complement function: occurs when complement proteins attach to antigen or foreign substances such as bacteria and activates immunity
opsonization: some act as labels to be identified by other immune cells for phagocytes
agglutination: some clamp with other antibodies to form clots in blood
precipitation: antigen-antibody complex become so big it's insoluble and less likely to spread
also known as immunoglobulin
5 classes : igM, igA, igD, igG, igE
antigens
any substance capable of activating the immune system by eliciting an immune response
anatomy of lymphatic system
lymph capillaries
has many valves to prevent backflow
lymphatic collecting vessels
collects lymph from capillaries and away from nodes
lymph nodes
scattered along vessels filter out harmful material
lymph trunks
collect from collection vessels
lymph ducts
empty into veins of neck
peaks in childhood, produces thymosin T cell maturation
spleen
filters blood destroys worn out cells in fetus acts as blood reservoir
bone marrow
site of blood cells and immature lymphocyte formation and B lymphocye
MALT
Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue, important in protection of digestive and reproduvtive tracts
tonsils
trap and remove bacteria and foreign materials
peyer's patches
capture and destroy bacteria in intestine
functions
lymphatic
drain excess fluid from tissue
collect and return fluids and leaked proteins back to blood
play an essential role in body defenses and resistance to diseases
immune
protects against diseases or other potentially damaging foreign bodies
innate/natural/immune responses
1st line of defense
physical and chemical barrier to prevent all foreign agents from entering body
2nd line of defense
uses cells and chemical to prevent entry of foreign agents
short-lasting are born with it, responds immediately no discrimination
adaptive/acquired immune responses
recognizes and acts against a particular foreign substance
3rd line of defense
happens when pathogen has entered and has contact with the body
systematic and has memory
thymus