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Lymphatic and Immune System (Immune System (Innate Immunity (-Body's…
Lymphatic and Immune System
Immune System
Innate Immunity
-Body's first natural DEFENSE to any intruders
-1st component is the skin
-2nd is the mucous
-Inflammation is next line of defense done when something is found in the body and the body releases histamine molecules alerts
-Leukocytes VIP to body except brain and spinal cord
-Phagocytes patrol the body or wait for their cue
-Neutrophils most abundant that patrol the body and can breach places easily kill infectious cells then die leads to pus
-Macrophages engulf the unwanted visitors kill 100 then die
-NKC detect cells that go rouge they detect the protein to see if it has it and then if it doesn't have it bind to it and release a chemical that kills it
-Dentric cells eat a pathogen then carry info so that when it appens again the body can detect it. It is formed matter of antigens that is likea tracking device the info is passed to the T cells
Adaptive Immunity
-More efficient as it can be differentiate the pathogens
-It has two main components:
1) T lymphocytes they come when the infection has already occurred They take signals from dentric cells or macrophages called Helper T cells
-The Helper T Cells form effector T Cells which are cells cycle the body and call in white blood cells
-Form memory T cells keep record of the antigen
2)B lymphocytes come when the pathogens have entered but hasn't cause anything yet
-When the cells are heavily infected body brings the Cytoix T cells which kill them
-FB cells produce antibodies fit on the sntigens of the pathogens signling the macrophages They also produce memory B cells
MALT
-Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues is a set of distributed lymphoid tissues located in mucous membranes throughout the body
-help protect from pathogens
-Some are the tonsils, Peyer's patches and appendix
Spleen
-Blood rich largest lymphoid organ left side abdominal cavity beneath diaphragm
The spleen:
1) recycles broken down products of blood cells for later reuse stores some iron
2) stores blood platelets and monocytes for release into blood
3) site of erythrocyte production in fetus
Lymph Nodes
-Two functions:
1) Cleansing the lymph: the lymph is transport back to blood stream the node act as lyphm filters. Macrophages in nodes remove and destroy introduers
2)immune system activation: nodes and other lymphoid organs are located where lymphocytes encounter antigens and activated to attack
The structure:
-Sourriunded by dense fibrous capsule the connective tissue strands called trabecular that divide
2 distinct regions are:
-the cortex contains densely packed follicles many germinal centers with dived b cells. deeper into the cortex house's T cells in transit cycle between blood lyphm nodes and lymph dentric cells abundant in cortex associated with b and t cells
-Medulla cnsists medullary cords thing inwad extensions from the cortical lymphatic tissue B and T Lymphocyte found from the cortical
-Lymph sinuses Large lymphatic capillaries spanned by crossing reticular fibers
Lymphatic Vessels
One system wich lymph flows only to the heart
Lymphatic Capillaries
-Transport of lymph weaven between tissue cels and blood cappilaries in the loose connective tissue of the body
-Help brain fluid to be drained
-They are preamble:
1)the endotheial cells that form the walls form at the edges adjacent cells overlap creating like a flap
2)Collagen filaments hook open the minimize not to collapse the lymphatic capillaries. Fluid pressure in the interstitial space greater than lymphatic capillary endothelial cell close shut from leaking
Larger Lymphsatic Vessels
-From lymphatic cappillaries lymph layers larger and thicker walls which is larger lymphatic vessels
-It goes from lymphatic to collecting lymphatic vessels to lymphatic to lymphatic ducts
The collecting lymphatic vessels there is three thinner walls and more internal valves
-Lymphatic trunks drain large areas of the body draining the lypmph are the paired lumbar, bronchomediastnal, subclavin, and jugular trunks and the intestinal trunk
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Thymus
-Bi-lobed found in inferior neck and extends into superior thorax overlies the heart deep to sternum
-It is where T lymphocytes become able to defend against pathogens in the immune response
-Mostly seen in newborns