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Lymphatic/ Immune System (Adriana Villarreal P.6) (Anatomy of Lymphatic/…
Lymphatic/ Immune System
(Adriana Villarreal P.6)
Major Functions of Lymphatic/ Immune System
Drain excess fluid from tissue
Play an essential role in body defenses and resistance to diseases
Return clean fluids and leaked proteins black to blood
Lymphatic Characteristics
No pump, lymph moves towards the heart
Lymph moves by milking action of skeletal muscles surrounding the vessels
One way system towards the heart
Rhythmic contraction smooth muscles of the lymphatic vessels
Immune Defenses
Innate immunity: natural or native immunity
comes into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body
mechanism include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood, and immune system cells that attack foreign cells in the body
Adaptive immunity: antigen specific immune response
antigen must be first processed and recognized, once antigen has been recognized the adaptive immune system creates an army of immune cells specifically designed to attack that antigen
Humoral v. Cellular Response
Humoral Immunity (anti-body mediated immunity)
Plasma B cells: can produce antibodies against a specific antigen
antibodies produced by plasma B cells will bind to antigens, neutralizing them, or causing phagocytosis
Helper T and B cells
Cellular Immunity (occurs inside infected cells)
Pathogens antigens are expressed on the cell surface or on an antigen-presenting cell
Helper T cells release cytokines which help to activate T cells so that they bind to the infected cells
any infected cells under go phagocytosis
Antigens and Antibodies
Antibody: also known as immunoglobulin or lg
Capable of binding specifically to antigens
Made of 4 amino acids chains linked by a disulfide bond
Carried in body fluids
Antibody Classes
IgD: Monomer
IgA: Dimer
IgM: Pentamer
IgE: Monomer
IgG: Monomer
Soluble protein secreted by the plasma cells derived from the B cells
Antigens: any substance that causes our bodies to produce antibodies
Major histocompatibility complex, proteins are pieces of cellular material on the cell surface
Cells macrophages, or even plasma cells can digest pathogens and carry portions of the antigen on the MHC proteins
Antigens must be presented by macrophages to an immunocompetent T cell
T cells recognize and bind to the infected or cancerous cells by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins
Anatomy of Lymphatic/ Immune System
Lymph Nodes
scattered along collecting vessels
Lymph Trunks
collect lymph from collecting vessels
Lymphatic collecting vessels
carries lymph to and away from the lymph nodes
mode of 3 funicas like the blood vessels
collects lymph from the lymph capillaries
Lymph Capillaries
Interstitial fluid leak lymph into capillaries
Lymph capillaries are anchored to connective tissue by filaments
Walls overlap to form flap-like mini-valves which allows lymph to enter but not leave
Lymph Ducts
empty into veins of neck