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THE XVIII CENTURY: HISTORICAL-SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL BACKGROUND (THE AGE OF…

- - - - They used to buy slaves from their african masters
      - Slaves were sold in America by auction. Vessels used to come back to england with 10000 pound in tobacco, sugar and raw materials
      - Vessels left Britain with 2000 pounds in goods
      - triangular trade between Britain, Africa and America concessed by the treaty of the ASIENTO.
      - abolished in 1811
    - - ADVANTAGES
        
        HEALTHIER life conditions, no more starvation and famine
        
        SOCIAL ASCENT became possible
        
        MASS PRODUCTION made goods cheaper, better TRANSPORT and COMMUNICATION
        
        RATES tax, to improve general life conditions
      - DRAWBACKS
        
        familes split up, ALCHOLISM to escape fro the reality
        
        dehumanization: people had to work in factories up to 16 years, leading to EXPLOITATION. 15% of the employees were children
        
        Reduction of people employed and LUDDISM, acts of violence towards machineries
        
        POLLUTION
        
        SOCIAL DIFFERENCES still existed
      - THE PROCESS
        
        increasing demand of wool and intensification of the esystem of enclosures
        
        invention of new machineries, like the mule Jenny and the Steam engine.machineries were huge and needed to be fueled: passage from a COTTAGE ECONOMY to an INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY
        
        people needed to move to cities
        
        agricultural revolution and food importations and demographic growth
- - - - PRIME MINISTERS AND POLITICIANS
        
        SIR ROBERT WALPOLE
        
        faced the South Sea Bubble crisis
        
        kept England out of conflicts
        
        the first prime minister 1721-1742
        
        famous for bribing the elections
        
        WILLIAM PITT
        
        wanted a trading empire
        
        made the navy stronger
        
        mercantilist policy
        
        entered in parliament in 1735
        
        responsable of the decisions, appointed by the queen, the leader of the majority party at the election
      - THE PARLIAMENT:
        
        WHIGS
        
        liberals
        
        "cattle riders"
        
        supported by the middle calss
        
        TORIES
        
        conservatives
        
        outlaws
        
        aupported by the aristocracy and the church
    - - money invested in trade and wlfare
      - 1707 Act of Union of England and Scotland