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Population and ecosystem (Soil factor (Three layers of horizons (A horizon…

- - - - uppermost
    - - Zone of depletion
    - - Rock fragments
- - - - critically important to all organisms
      - components
        
        temperature
        
        rainfall
        
        relative humidity
        
        wind
      - low and high extremes is the tolerance range
      - Aspects of habitat affect a plant constitute is operational habitat
    - - components
        
        fires
        
        landslides
        
        snow
        
        floods
      - Elimination of large numbers of individuals
      - Manmade disturbances can cause insecticides , herbicides, hunting and habitat destruction
  - - - Individual itself, just being in habitat
      - Example
        
        Northern United States, trees modify the habitat by producing dense canopy
        
        Pines forest are more open, but still shaded by mature pines
    - - Several individuals, of either just one or several species occur together
      - Mutualism
        
        Interaction is beneficial for both organism
      - Competition
        
        Mutualism disadvantageous
      - competitive exclusion
        
        Theory postulates that the result of competiton
      - niche
        
        Particular set of condition
- - - - No obvious, identifiable pattern
    - - spacing between plant
    - - Evenly spaced from their neighbors
    - - Release from plant of chemicals that inhibits other plants
- - - - A disturbance usually produces
      - Destroys many individuals
      - species are annuals or small shrubby
    - - Extreme species
      - Carrying capacity
      - Lives in stable environment