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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Explains living processes in terms of the chemical…
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved
CHON
Chemical elements essential to life: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
C and H make up important macromolecules:
Carbohydrates & sugars
Amino acids and proteins
Lipids
BONDING
Lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds
Ionic
Metal + Nonmetal, transfer of electrons
Cations (positive, lose electrons)
Anions (negative, gain electrons)
Ionic ions
Hydrogen ions
Sodium ions
Phosphate ions
Covalent
Nonmetal + Nonmetal, share of electrons
Metabolism
Catabolism: chemical reaction in which the breaking down of large molecules takes place
Anabolism: the construction of molecules from simpler subunits, powered by catabolism
Enzymes
Facilitate chemical reactions by catalyzing them
Web of all the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism
Organic compounds
Hydrocarbons
Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Cyclic
Aromatic
Hydrocarbon derivatives
Compounds that contain carbon, along with other elements besides hydrogen, bonded to it
Functional groups
components of organic molecules most commonly involved in chemical reactions
Hydroxyl
Alcohols
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfyhydryl
2 more items...
Amines
1 more item...
Carboxylic acids
Ketones
Aldehydes
Carbon compounds
Ribose
Glucose
Beta
Alpha
Saturated Fatty Acids
Amino Acids
Carbon compounded made up of a five carbon ring, with one of the carbons forming a side chain