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Elderly male with a feeding tube inserted into his alimentary and has no…
Elderly male with a feeding tube inserted into his alimentary and has no gallbladder
Anatomy
Oral Cavity
Uvula
tongue
maxilla
mandible
hard and soft palate
alveolar margins
Gingivae
Esophagus
Gastroesophageal/ cardiac sphincter
Pharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Stomach
cardia sphincter
cardiac region
pyloric region
pyloric sphinter
fundus
body
rugae
greater omentum and lesser omentum
small intestine
peritoneum
mesentry
duodenum
jejunum
illium
microvilli
plicae circulares
lacteals
Large intestine
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
sigmoid colon
haustra
rectum
anal canal
anus
Accessory Digestive organs
teeth
salivary glands
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
Physiology
Pharynx
contains 3 sections
Is part of both digestion and respiratory system
passes food from mouth to the esophagus
Esophagus
muscular tube through which food passes from pharynx to stomach
Peristalsis : a wave like contraction that moves food
mucus secretion helps bolus moves to stomach
oral cavity
Mechanically breaks down food
mastication
produces saliva
lubricates food and forms them into bolus
Saliva contains enzymes that help break down food
Lysozyme and Amylase
ingestion
stomach
mechanical and chemical digestion
peristalic waves mix food with gastric juice
propel it into the duodenum
storage site for food
Hydrochloric acid produced & activates protein digesting enzymes
digestion of proteins begin by pepsin
absorbs few fat soluble substances (aspirin, alcohol, some drugs)
small intestine
Smooth muscle continually mixes contents with digestive juices and moves food along tract
moves at a slow rate to allow proper digestion and absorption
digestive enzymes conveyed in from pancreas
break down products of carbohydrate, protein, fat and nucleic acids digestion plus vitamins electrolytes and water are absorbed
Large intestine
some remaining food residues are digested by enteric bacteria
absorbs most remaining water, electrolytes, and vitamins produced by bacteria
propels feces toward rectum by peristalsis
reflex triggered by rectal distension
eliminates feces from body
Gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
Basic Nutrients
Carbohydrates
starch - salivary amylase- partially digested starch
small intestine (pancreatic juice secreted into duodenum)
pancreatic amylase- oligosaccharides, maltose, and glucose
proteins
stomach
pepsin
small intestine
trypsin
chymotrypsin
carboxypeptidase
dipeptidase
aminopeptidase
lipids
Oral cavity
lingual lipase added but activated in low pH of stomach
stomach
triglyceride
monoglyceride and fatty acids
gastric lipase
pancreatic lipase
nucleic acid
stomach
DNA - deoxyribonuclease
RNA ribonuclease -- ribonucleaotides
nucleotides --phosphate
nucleosides -- nucleosidase
minerals
Waters
Protein digestion begins in the stomach by pepsin won't occur
oral cavity, pharynx, Esophagus, stomach, part of the small intestine are being bypassed
Accessory Digestive organ- gallbladder
What is not being added on the food?
gastric juice composed of secretions from mucous cells
Parietal cells help absorb vitamin b12
Hydrochloric acid
Chief cells that release pepsinogen and gastric lipase
Bile concentration
Factors
stomach cancer and how that plays a role with other body systems
smoking
age
family history
men
being overweight
salty foods
Ingestion: Patient won't be able to taste food
Propulsion able to swallow with tongue or use pharynx/esophagus
Diet
liquid feeds
different mixtures
dietitian will provide proper information
Depends on your own nutritional needs