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An elderly female patient has a history of osteoporosis, chronic type II…

- - - - heart disease
      - kidney failure
        
        could be a reason for current bleeding, and further bleeding
      - amputations
      - blindness
      - cardinal sign
        
        polyuria
        
        due to excess glucise in blood, leading to excess glucose in kidney
        
        leads to huge urine output, decreasing blood volume and causing dehydration
    - - damaged arteries
      - aneurysm?
      - damage to the heart
        
        heart failure
        
        enlarged left heart
        
        heart overworking
      - damage to the brain
        
        dementia
        
        stroke
        
        cognitive impairment
      - damage to kindeys
        
        kidney scarring
        
        kidney failure
    - - insufficient bone mass
      - insufficient bone density
      - porous bones
- - - - kidney
        
        functions
        
        osmolality
        
        regulate ion concentration
        
        ensure long tern acid-base balance
        
        produces erythropoetin
        
        regulate red blood cells production and blood pressure
      - Nephron
        
        each contain 1 million nephrons
        
        each create a cell and protein free chemicals
        
        recovers chemicals that the body needs while also secreting into that filtrate selected
      - Urinary Bladder
        
        temporary storage reservoir
      - Ureter
        
        transport urine form kidneys to the urinary bladder
      - Urethra
        
        tube carries urine from the bladder to the body exterior
  - - - Structures
        
        Urinary bladder
        
        Urethra
        
        Ureters
        
        paired tubes
        
        Nephron
        
        structural and functional units of the kidneys
        
        Kidney
        
        bean shaped
        
        between dorsal body and parietal peritoneal
        
        layers
        
        renal fascia
        
        outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue
        
        perirenal fat capsule
        
        fatty mass that surrounds the kidney and cousins the blow
        
        fibrous capsule
        
        transparent capsule (prevents infections in disease
- - - - risk factor for osteoporosis
      - hormone related
      - definition
        
        chronic disease that effects the way the body processes blood sugar
      - causes
        
        insulin is present, but its effects are deficient
        
        AKA insulin resistance
        
        blood glucose level remain high after a meal because glucose is unable to enter most tissue
        
        increases with age and with increase of waistlines
        
        almost always overweight
        
        sedentary lifestyle
      - formerly known as "insulin dependent mellitus"
    - - definition
        
        condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls are to high
      - AKA hypertension
    - - definition
        
        disease in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit
      - causes
        
        genetics
        
        runs in families
        
        predisposition
        
        poor diet in calcium, vitamin d, protein
  - - - damage to kidneys