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Friend is frail, thin, and fragile. eyes are bloodshot and a bit yellow,…

- - - - monosaccharides
        
        fructose
        
        galactose
        
        glucose
      - disaccharides
        
        sucrose
        
        lactose
        
        maltose
      - polysaccharides
        
        starch
        
        Fiber
        
        cannot be chemically digested
        and absorbed by the GI tract
        
        helps encourage defecation
      - give 4 kcal per gram
      - provide fuel for the processes of cellular respiration to form ATP
    - - hydrophobic molecules
      - Triglycerides
        
        composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, covalently bonded
        
        essential fatty acids
        
        alpha-linolenic and
        linoleic acids
      - phospholipids
      - steroids
        
        Cholesterol
        
        required as a component of the plasma membrane
    - - synthesized from 20 amino acids
      - complete
        
        meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, and yogurt, contain all the essential amino acids
      - incomplete
        
        plant proteins
      - sources of nitrogen
        
        chemical element needed for synthesizing other nitrogen-containing molecules, such as the nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA
  - - - organic molecules required for normal metabolism
      - Water-soluble vitamins
        
        B vitamins
        
        serve as coenzymes for various enzymatic chemical reactions
        
        Vitamin C
        
        increases the absorption rate of iron
        
        required in synthesis of collagen
      - Fat-soluble vitamins
        
        Vitamin A
        
        precursor molecule for the formation of the visual pigment retinal
        
        Vitamin D
        
        modified to form calcitriol
        
        Vitamin E
        
        helps stabalize and prevent damage to cell membranes
        
        Vitamin K
        
        required for synthesis of specific blood clotting proteins
    - - inorganic ions
      - iron
        
        binds oxygen in hemoglobin
        
        bind electrons in the electron transport system
      - calcium
        
        required for maintenance and formation of skeleton
        
        muscle contraction
        
        blood clotting
        
        exocytosis of neurotransmitters
      - potassium
        
        maintain resting membrane potential and are needed in an action potential
      - sodium
      - iodine
        
        needed to produce thyroid hormone
      - Zinc
        
        roles in protein synthesis and wound healing
      - Magnesium
        
        maintain normal nerve and muscle function
      - Phosphorus
        
        needed in formation of bone and teeth
  - - - amounts required in the human daily diet as set by the federal government
  - - - Glucose is what the brain uses for energy
      - Sodium and potassium needed in action potentials
      - Vitamins B1 and B3 are essential in maintaining nervous function
      - calcium needed for exocytosis of nerotransmitters
    - - Iron is necessary to carry oxygen in the blood
      - Vitamin K and calcium needed in blood clotting
      - magnesium is needed to regulate heart rate and rhythm and to help maintain normal blood pressure
    - - magnesium is needed for important muscle function
      - Calcium needed for contraction of muscle
      - Sodium needed to stimulate release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum
      - protein provide essential amino acids necessary for muscle growth
    - - iodine needed yo make thyroid hormone
      - Vitamin A and vitamin D used in some hormone production
    - - Vitamin D needed for kidneys to produce calcitrol
- - - - positive feedback will occur the body will denature is proteins to get amino acids and will continue to do so since proteins are not being consumed
        
        diminished muscles
- - - - can cause kidney failure
- - - - deminished nervous function