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Elderly female patient with blood in the urine (Structure of a Nephron…
Elderly female patient with blood in the urine
Osteoporosis
some her medications affect her kidneys and their function
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
is damaging her blood vessels in her kidneys
High blood Pressure
damages the blood vessels in the kidneys and the kidneys can't deliver blood into its tissues
Anatomy of the Urinary System
Kidneys
filter blood, removes waste and convert filtrate into urine
Ureters
transports urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder
holds the urine
Urethra
expels the urine out of the body
General Functions of the Urinary System
eliminates waste from the body
regulates blood volume and pressure
control levels of electrolytes
regulates pH balance
Structure of a Nephron
Renal Corpuscle
bulbous region within the renal cortex
Glomerulus
conglomeration of capillary loops
Glomerular Capsule
formed by the visceral and parietal layers
Capsular Space
space between the visceral and parietal layers receives filtrate
Vascular Pole
arterioles attach to the glomerulus
Tubular Pole
where the renal tubule originates
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
first region of renal tubule, used for reabsorption
Nephron Loop
originating at the bend of PCT consisting of an ascending and a descending limb
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
renal tubule originates from thick ascending limb of the nephron loop
Cortical Nephron
short nephron loop that extends into the medulla
Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the Nephron
Glomerulus
filtration of blood, secretes out renin
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Reabsorption- reabsorb of Na+, Cl- glucose amino acids, and proteins
Secreted-drugs(aspirin, antibiotics) epinephrine, and metabolic wastes
General Info on Osteoporosis DM II and High Blood Pressure
Osteoporosis
a disease where the bones become porous and fragile
Diabetes mellitus II
chronic high levels of glucose
High Blood Pressure
force of blood is really high in the arteries and is pushing against the walls
blood in the urine
damage to the kidneys
High Blood Pressure
lowers the ability to filter blood
waste isn't being filtered out
low filtration
Osteoporosis
no longer filter blood
blood is no longer being pumped through
kidney failure
Diabetes Mellitus Type II
not being able to filter blood and create urine
can't filter out the waste from the blood
kidney failure
How does each affect the other?
they all will lead to the kidneys fail and not be able to keep up with filteration
Blood in the Urine
kidney disease
kidney stones
If problem persists
her kidneys will fail and she will become toxic to her own body and it will eventually shut down