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Elderly patient with an alimentary bypass (Basic Nutrients (Carbohydrates,…
Elderly patient with an alimentary bypass
the bypass doesn't include the mouth stomach and esophagus
Gall Bladder removal
Hydrochloric acid , saliva, amylase, intrinsic factor, gastric lipase, pepsinogen and pepsin are not being added to the food he intakes
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Organs
Oral Cavity
chemical and mechanical digestion of food
Salivary Glands
Chemical break down of food
Amylase
initiates chemical digestion of starch
Pharynx
accomplishes swallowing
Esophagus
transports bolus into the stomach from the pharynx
Stomach
Mixes the bolus
Greater Curvature
large convex inferolateral surface
Lesser Curvature
smaller concave super medial surface
Cardia
narrow superior entryway
Cardiac Orifice
internal opening cardia meets esophagus
Fundus
dome-shaped region
Body
largest region inferior to fundus
Pylorus
narrow, medially directed pouch, terminal region
Pyloric Orifice
opening of pylorus to duodenum
Pyloric Sphincter
surrounds pyloric orifice and limits the amount of material in the duodenum
Gastric Folds
allows for expansion of the stomach
Gastric Pits
depressions in the stomach
Chemicals
Intrinsic Factor
absorption of B12
Hydrochloric Acid
aids in chemical digestion and kills off any bacteria
Pepsinogen/Pepsin
chemically digests denatured proteins
Gastric Lipase
digests fats
Teeth
mechanical digestion of food
Dentin
primary mass of tooth
Enamel
crown of the tooth
pulp cavity
contains connective tissue called pulp
Root Canal
allows for blood vessels and nerves to pass through
Incisors
for slicing or cutting
Canines
puncturing or tearing
Premolars
crushing and grinding
Molars
grinding and crushing
Gingivae
gums, cover alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Small Intestine
Chemically digest chime and absorbs nutrients
Duodenum
first segment
Jejunum
Middle region
Ileum
last portion
Villi
finger-like projections
Circular Folds
increase surface area and slows down movement of chyme
Lacteal
lymphatic capillary, responsible for absorbing lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins
Mircovilli
form a brush border
Intestinal Glands
secrete intestinal juice
Chemical
Brush Border Enzyme (BBE)
enzymes in the tract that complete chemical digestion
Large Intestine
absorbs water and electrolytes from remaining materials and compacts in into feces
Cecum
beginning
Ascending Colon
extends out and makes a 90 degree turn to the left
Transverse Colon
extends across the abdomen and makes a 90 degree right turn
Descending Colon
originates at right turn ending transverse colon and descends down
Sigmoid Colon
turns into the pelvic cavity
Rectum
stores feces
Rectal Valves
holds the feces in while passing gas
Anal Columns
longitudinal fissures
Teniae coli
bundles of smooth muscle sacs forms a haustra
Chemical
Indigenous microbiota
chemically breaks down complex carbohydrates, proteins and lipids still in the chyme
Basic Nutrients
Water
hydrates the body
Carbohydrates
Chemical
Salivary Amylase
digestion of starch
Pancreatic Amylase
continues the digestion of starch and individual glucose
Dextrinase/Glucoamylase
breaks bonds between glucose moelcules
Maltase
digest maltose into glucose molecules
Lactase
digests lactose into glucose and galactose
Sucrase
digest sucrose into glucose and fructose
provides energy
Glucose
energy use
Protein
builds and repairs tissues
Chemical
Pesin
formed from pepsinogen, denatures proteins
Enteropeptidase
activates trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase
Trypsin/Chymotrypsin
breaks peptide bonds to produce smaller strands of amino acids
Carboxypeptidase
removes amino acids from carboxyl end of a protein
Dipeptidase
breaks the peptide bond of a dipeptide
Aminopeptidase
generates free amino acids from the amino end of peptides
Lipids
energy storage
Chemical
Lingual Lipase
digests lipids in the stomach
Gastric Lipase
digests lipids
Pancreatic Lipase
digests triglycerides in the small intestine
Nucleic Acid
DNA of a cell
Chemical
Deoxyribonuclease/ribonuclease
break down the phosphodiester bond between individual nucleotides of DNA and RNA
Phosphatase
detaches the phosphate from the rest of the nucleotide
Nucleosidase
breaks the bond between sugar and nitrogenous base of the nucleoside
Vitamins/Minerals
boost immune system regulates the body's functions
His body is not able to digest solid food
he will only be able to intake liquid foods
Some of enzymes in the stomach and mouth aren't breaking down solid food
he is not able to actually eat solid food.
Gallbladder is now longer secreting out bile that breaks down food
his body will no longer be bale to break down solid food
His feeding tube will be pureed food
this will be filled with vitamin supplements
this is needed because his body isn't able to adequately break down the food that are naturally filled with lipids, proteins and vitamens
it will be very rich in carbohydrates, proteins and water
Accessory Organs
Liver
produces bile
Gall Bladder
stores concentrates and releases bile
Pancreas
Exocrine Cells
produce pancreatic juice