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elderly male with stomach cancer (Digestive system (enzymes involved in…

- - - - saliva initiates mechanical digestion by moistening ingested food
      - initiates the chemical breakdown of starch
      - mastication
    - - moves food from oral cavity to esophagus
    - - moves food from pharynx to stomach
    - - cardia
      - fundus
      - body
      - pylorus
      - pyloric sphincter
      - initiates the chemical digestion of protein and fat
      - holding sac where mechanical and chemical digestion continues on the bolus
    - - duodenum
      - jejunum
      - ileum
      - chemically digest chyme and absorb
        nutrients
    - - descending colon
      - ascending colon
      - transverse colon
      - sigmoid colon
      - continues absorption
    - - elimination of feces
  - - - stores, concentrates, and releases bile
    - - aids in mechanical digestion
    - - aids in mechanical digestion during mastication
  - - - secrete saliva
    - - produces bile
    - - acinar cells produce pancreatic juices with aids in digestion
  - - - Digestion of starch
    - - synthesized by the pancreas as a component of pancreatic juice; it continues the digestion of starch
    - - break bonds between glucose molecules.
    - - digests maltose into glucose molecules
    - - denatures proteins in stomach
    - - synthesized by the small intestine that activates trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase
        
        Trypsin and chymotrypsin break peptide bonds to produce smaller strands of amino acids
        
        Carboxypeptidase removes amino acids from the carboxyl end of a protein
    - - breaks the peptide bond of a dipeptide
    - - generates free amino acids from the amino end of peptides
    - - in saliva is activated in the stomach
        
        30% of triglycerides are digested by lingual lipase and gastric lipase in the stomach
    - - produced by the pancreas, digests triglycerides in the small intestine
    - - produced by the pancreas, break the phosphodiester bond between individual nucleotides of DNA and RNA
    - - detaches the phosphate from the rest of the nucleotide
    - - breaks the bond between the sugar and the nitrogenous base of the nucleoside
- - - - will allow absorption of nutrients at the jejunum