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ch 42 + 44 (the nephron (proximal tubule is the re absorption for the…
ch 42 + 44
the nephron
proximal tubule is the re absorption for the recapture of ions, water, and nutrients
descending limb of the loop of Henle, filtrate enters through the loop of Henle where it reduces filtrate volume via distinct stages of water and salt
ascending limb of the loop of Henle,
distal tubule, regulating the potassium and and sodium chloride concentration of body fluids
collecting duct, processes the filtrate into urine, carries to the renal pelvis
circulatory system
open circulatory system have a fluid called hemolymph- also the interstitial fluid that bathes body cells
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closed circulatory system have a fluid called blood is confined to vessels and its distinct from the interstitial fluid
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simple circulatory is when blood travels through a body and returns to its starting point in a single circuit
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definitions
arteries- a vessel that carries blood away from the heart to organs throughout the body ex. Right coronary artery
veins - in animals a vessel that carries blood toward the heart. in plants is a vascular bundle in a leaf ex. pulmonary veins
capillaries - a microscopic blood vessel that penetrates the tissues and consists of a single layer of endothelial cells that allow exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid
blood pressure
Blood pressure is like a force directed in the artery that causes the blood to flow away from the heart. Vasoconstriction often change the cardiac output that can affect blood pressure.
Heavy exercise can affect blood pressure, it causes oxygen rich blood in to the muscles. Gravity can also affect blood pressure, standing up too much can make a person faint. Hypertension is a disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high.
Hypotension is when the blood pressure is abnormally low, which can cause fainting and dizziness.
lymph circulatory
the lymph circulates within the lymphatic system before draining into a pair a large veins of the cardiovascular system at the base of the neck
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respiratory features
the fishes pumps water through its mouth and gills arches using the movements of the jaw and operculum for the ventilation
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