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Climate Change (2E52032D-4F1A-4A4C-9640-8AEAEF452146 (Governmental Bodies…

- - - - Accounts for 28% of greenhouse gas emissions
      - In thermal power plants, coal or other fuel is burnt, releasing heat to produce steam powering a turbine to generate electricity
        
        Releases greenhouse gases in the process such as:
        -Carbon dioxide
        -Carbon monoxide
        -Nitrous oxides
        -Methane
    - - Accounts for 9% of greenhouse gas emissions
        
        Carbon dioxide emissions from agriculture have continued to rise for the past 20 years
      - Modern soil irrigation methods require electricity, consuming more power
      - Soil and crop management techniques increase the nitrogen content of the soil, releasing nitrous oxide
      - Cattle and live stock release methane as part of their digestive process
    - - -Cooking
        -Heating
        -Air-conditioning
        -Poor treatment of waste
        are all contributors to greenhouse gas emissions
      - Accounts for 11% of greenhouse gas emissions
    - - Accounts for 22% of greenhouse gas emissions
      - Manufacturing, refining and food production require combustion of fossil fuels for heat
      - Oil and gas production are the largest man-made sources of methane
    - - Automobiles use fossil fuel engines for energy. Some fuels do not combust completely, causing greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide
        
        They are the most popular form of transport, being mass produced at massive scales in developed countries
      - The aviation industry contributes to a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions
  - - - -China
        -India
        -USA
        -EU
        -Indonesia
    - - Developed countries
        
        Often consume more energy and higher usage of electricity for modern technology
        
        Generally emit most greenhouse gases per capita
        
        E.g. phones, television, internet, computers
      - Developing countries
        
        Tend to have worse healthcare systems and family planning, leading to larger populations
        
        More people are using up energy, leading to a larger total consumption
        
        Tend to have more inefficient systems, leading to more energy wastage and higher greenhouse gas emissions
- - - - E.g. The European Union introduces legislation limiting greenhouse gas emissions
    - - They have to prioritise the flourishing of their country’s economy and markets
        
        Energy production using oil and other fossil fuels makes up a large part of the economy
        
        Plastics manufacturing and selling of plastic products plays a big role in society and the economy
        
        E.g. Signing fossil fuel subsidies
    - - Has a responsibility to the interests of voters
      - Has a responsibility to campaign backers and lobbyists
        
        It is usually large companies who funnel money for the campaigns of government officials.Their company interests may be in conflict with environmental and economic regulations that may decrease efficiency or limit their output. Hence, they persuade governments to lower environmental standards.
        
        E.g. Better waste treatment regulations may be more costly
        
        E.g. Supporting renewable energy may be to the detriment of existing energy companies
  - - - Sanitation, waste disposal, water and food quality regulations, atmospheric toxicity
      - Health and pollution concerns
        
        Air pollution such as photochemical smog may cause respiratory illnesses
      - Tourism and recreational activities may be affected due to environmental damage
    - - Scarcity of plastic straws, tax on plastic bags, transportation and fuel costs
- - - - Renewable and green sources
        
        Tidal energy
        Solar energy
        Geothermal energy
        Wind energy
      - Nuclear energy
        
        Fusion
        Fission
    - - Efficiency of transportation
        
        Maglev trains
        Electric cars
        Newer plane models
      - Mitigating human
        -caused pollution
        
        Fitting catalytic converters onto cars
        
        Research into biodegradable substitutes for plastics
    - - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
      - Kyoto Protocol
      - Paris Accords
      - European Climate Change Programme
    - - Regulating the greenhouse gas emissions of companies
      - Banning the use of non-biodegradable plastics
      - Bans on littering
  - - - E.g. Youtuber Movement #TeamTrees to plant 20 million trees
- - - - Certain plants can no longer grow due to climate changes
        
        Animals on many food chains lose their sources of food and become endangered
        
        Many animals cannot reproduce during their mating seasons
    - - More frequent and unpredictable natural disasters
        Earthquakes
        Tsunamis
        Tornadoes
        Monsoons
        Droughts
        Floods
        Wildfires
      - Increased global temperatures
        
        Melting of polar ice caps leads to rising sea levels
        
        Increased flooding and tsunamis
        
        Destruction of housing and infrastructure
        
        Destruction and fragmentation of habitats
        
        Ocean currents are affected
        
        Foreign species of fish are introduced to marine ecosystems
  - - - Rural communities have less access to air-conditioning
      - Funding is going to relieving the effects of climate change rather than education, infrastructure, etc
      - Women and children in rural communities have to obtain firewood. They have to travel further to find trees in worse weather, decreasing time for other activities.
      - Seasonal diseases such as malaria will be more rampant
  - - - Desertification and erosion of land leads to difficulty in growing crops and livestock