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Urban issues in southampton (Push factors (Farming is often at subsistence…
Urban issues in southampton
Pollution
putting harmful substances into the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide.
Central business district (CBD)
the main shopping and service area in the city. The CBD is usually found in the middle of the city so that it is easily accessible.
City Challenge
A strategy in which local authorities had to design a scheme and submit a bid for funding, competing against other councils. They also had to become part of a partnership involving the local community and private companies who would fund part of the development.
Incineration
getting rid of waste by burning it on a large scale at selected sites.
Industrialisation: a process in which an increasing proportion of the population
Informal Sector
that part of the economy where jobs are created by people to try to get an income and which are not recognised in official figures.
Park-And-Ride scheme
a bus service run to key places from car parks located on the edges of busy areas in order to reduce traffic flows and congestion in the city centre. Costs are low to encourage people to use the system- they are cheaper than fuel and car parking charges in the centre.
Quality of life
how good a person’s life is as measured by such things as quality of housing and environment, access to education, health care, how secure people feel and how contented and satisfied they are with their lifestyle.
Segregation
occurs where people of a particular ethnic group choose to live with others from the same ethnic group, separate from other groups.
Sustainable city
an urban area where residents have a way of life that will last a long time. The environment is not damaged and the economic and social fabric, due to local involvement, are able to stand the test of time.
Sustainable community
community (offering housing, employment and recreation opportunities) that is broadly in balance with the environment and offers people a good quality of life.
Site and service
occur where land is divided into individual plots and water, sanitation, electricity and basic track layout are supplied before any building by residents begins.
Transnational Corporations
companies that spread their operations around the world in an attempt to reduce costs. Water pollution: putting poisonous substances into water courses such as sewage, industrial effluent and harmful chemicals.
Push factors
Farming is often at subsistence level, producing only enough food for the family, leaving nothing to sell.
Poor harvests may lead to malnutrition or famine.
Drought and other climate hazards reduce crop yields
There are few doctors or hospitals.
Desertification and soil erosion make farming difficult.
Schools provide only a very basic education.
Farming is hard and poorly paid.
Rural areas are isolated due to poor roads.
Pull factors
There is a better chance of getting an education.
Public transport is better.
They have friends and family already living there.
A range of entertainment is available.
A higher standard of living is possible.
There are better medical facilities.
There are more well paid jobs.