Diabetes Insipidus
Pathophysiology
Assessment points
complications
clinical manifestations
Polyuria
nocturia
polydipsia
Persons have a partial to total inability to concentrate urine.
The Central/ Neurogenic type accounts for the insufficient amount of ADH secretion. This causes excretion of large volumes of dilute urine.
This leads to increased plasma osmolality.
In conscious individuals, the thirst mechanism is stimulated.
Dehydration occurs rapidly without ongoing fluid replacement.
enhanced water excretion
hypernatremia
serum hyperosmolality
Chronic dehydration
accelerated heart rate
low body temperature
weight loss
fatigue
frequent headaches
hypotension
kidney damage
continuous thirst
fatigue
dry mouth
Preference for cold drinks
Diagnostics
Blood and/or urine test to check for potassium and calcium
Blood test to assess levels of ADH
Urine test to check for glucose (blood sugar)
diluted urine
Treatment
changes in skin elasticity
replace fluid volume
monitor electrolytes
desmopressin if neurogenic
water deprivation test
MRI
Genetic testing
indomethacin (Indocin, Tivorbex) and chlorpropamide medications to make ADH more available
Patient education
lifestyle modifications to help treat DI
DI is not related to DM
DI is a rare condition that occurs when your kidneys are not able to conserve water.
Can occur an any one
DI results in extreme thirst and frequent urination of dilute and odorless urine