Diabetes Insipidus

Pathophysiology

Assessment points

complications

clinical manifestations

Polyuria

nocturia

polydipsia

Persons have a partial to total inability to concentrate urine.

The Central/ Neurogenic type accounts for the insufficient amount of ADH secretion. This causes excretion of large volumes of dilute urine.

This leads to increased plasma osmolality.

In conscious individuals, the thirst mechanism is stimulated.

Dehydration occurs rapidly without ongoing fluid replacement.

enhanced water excretion

hypernatremia

serum hyperosmolality

Chronic dehydration

accelerated heart rate

low body temperature

weight loss

fatigue

frequent headaches

hypotension

kidney damage

continuous thirst

fatigue

dry mouth

Preference for cold drinks

Diagnostics

Blood and/or urine test to check for potassium and calcium

Blood test to assess levels of ADH

Urine test to check for glucose (blood sugar)

diluted urine

Treatment

changes in skin elasticity

replace fluid volume

monitor electrolytes

desmopressin if neurogenic

water deprivation test

MRI

Genetic testing

indomethacin (Indocin, Tivorbex) and chlorpropamide medications to make ADH more available

Patient education

lifestyle modifications to help treat DI

DI is not related to DM

DI is a rare condition that occurs when your kidneys are not able to conserve water.

Can occur an any one

DI results in extreme thirst and frequent urination of dilute and odorless urine