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Lymphatic and Immune System (Anatomy of the Lymphatic System (Bone Marrow-…
Lymphatic and Immune System
Major functions
Drain excess fluid from tissue
Play and essential role in body defenses
Return clean fluids and leaked proteins back to the blood
Resistance to diseases
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Capillaries- walls overlap to form flap- like mini- valves which allows lymph to enter but not leave
Bone Marrow- secretes secretes antibodies that indirectly lead to the destruction of foreign materials
Site of blood cells and immature lymphocyte formation and B lymphocyte
Involved in humoral or antibody mediated immunity
Thymus- cause direct destruction of virus invaded cells and mutants
Peak in childhood shrink at puberty
Sits beneath throat overlying heart
Spleen- filters blood and destroys worn out cells
Efferent Vessels- carry lymph away from lymph nodes
Afferent lymphatic vessels- directs lymph toward lymph nodes
Tonsils- Trap and remove bacteria and foreign materials
Lymph Node- encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue
Malt- Mucosa associated with lymphatic tissue
Disorders of the Immune System
Autoimmune Disorders
Rheumatoid arthritis- this type of arthritis causes swelling and deformities of the joints.
Lupus- this disease attacks body tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and skin.
Type 1 diabetes- the immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
Humoral vs. Cellular Response
Humoral Response
Primary Humoral Response
First exposure to specific receptors
B cells with specific receptors bind to a specific antigen
Cloning of B cells is the primary humoral response
Binding event activates the lymphocyte to undergo clonal selection
Secondary Humoral Response
Destroys pathogen before any symptoms of infections shows
Humoral Immune Response
Both B and T cells have receptors proteins to bind to antigens
Antibodies defend against infections & body fluids
Cellular Response
Cytotoxic cells defend against infection in already infected, cancer, or transplanted cells
Lymphocytes that mature in the thymus are called T-cells and are involved in cell-mediated immune response
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens- a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies
Self Antigen- human cells have many surface proteins our immune cells don't attack our on proteins
Antibodies- Soluble protein secreted by the plasma cell derived by the B cells
IgD- important in activation of B cells
IgG- can cross placental barrier
IgA- found mainly in mucus
IgE- involved in allergies
IgM- primary immune response
Innate and Adaptive Immune Defenses
Innate Immune Response
First Line of Defense- physical and chemical barrier to prevent all foreign agents from entering the body
Skin- a physical wall that keeps foreign substances out
Hair- in the nasal cavity it traps inhaled particles
Sebum- oils in hair that are toxic to bacteria
Stomach mucosa- secretes hydrochloric acid and has protein digesting enzymes
Second Line of Defense- body uses enormous amounts of cells and chemicals to prevent further entry of foreign agents
Phagocytes- type of white blood cells and engulfs and destroys foreign material
Natural Killer Cells- kill cancer cells and virus- infected cells
Adaptive Immune Response- recognizes and acts against particular of specific foreign objects
Antibody- Mediated Immunity- B cells produce antibodies, chemicals to carry out the immunity
Humoral Immunity- refers to humor or body fluids