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ligaments of knee joint (Ligaments (Fibrous capsule (Capsular attachment,…

- - - - Is attached a little beyond the
        articular cartilage
        
        Anteriorly
        
        It’s deficient
        
        Posteriorly
        
        It’s attached to the intercondylar line
        
        Laterally
        
        It encloses the origin of the popliteus
    - - Attached 1/2 to 1cm beyond
        articular margins
        
        Anteriorly
        
        Descends along the margins of condyles
        to the tibial tuberosity
        
        Deficient here
        
        Posteriorly
        
        Attached to the intercondylar ridge
        
        Which limits the attachment
        of the crucial ligament
  - - - the remaining portions
        of the tendon form the
        medial & lateral
        patellar retinacular
        
        is abt
        7.5cm long
        2.5cm broad
        
        is attached
        
        above
        to the
        margins & rough
        posterior surface
        of the apex of the patella
        
        below
        to the smooth upper part
        of the tibial tuberosity
        
        the superficial fibers
        pass in front of the patella
  - - - is attached to the
        medial epicondyle of femur
        just below the adductor tubercle
    - - it divides into
        
        anterior
        (superficial)
        
        is abt 10cm long
        1.25 cm broad
        
        is seperated frm the capsule
        by 1 or 2 bursae
        
        is attached below
        to the medial border
        & posterior part of the
        medial surface of the shaft
        of the tibia
        
        covers the inferior
        medial genicular vessels & nerve
        the anterior part of the tendon
        of the semimembranosus,
        & is crossed below by the tendons
        of the sartorius, gracilis & semitendinosus
        
        posterior parts
        ( deep parts)
        
        is short
        & blends with the capsule
        & medial meniscus
        
        is attached to the
        medial condyle of tibia
        above the groove for the
        semimembeanosus
  - - - is attached to the lateral epicondyle
        of the femur just above the
        popliteal groove
    - - it is embraced by the tendon of
        the biceps femoris
        
        & is attached to the head of fibula
        in front of its apex
        
        is separated frm the lat.meniscus
        by the tendon of popliteus
        
        is free frm the capsule
        
        the inferior lateral genicular
        vessels & nerve separate it frm the capsule
  - - - Anterior cruciate ligament
        
        begins frm ant part of
        intercondylar area of tibia
        
        runs upwards
        
        backwards
        
        & laterally
        
        & is att to the post part of
        medial surface of lateral condyle
        of femur
        
        is taught during extension of knee
      - Posterior cruciate ligament
        
        begins frm post part of
        intercondylar area of tibia
        
        runs upwards
        
        forwards
        
        & medially
        
        & is att to the ant part of
        lateral surface of medial condyle
        of femur
        
        is taught during flexion of knee
  - - - each meniscus has:
        
        2 ends
        
        ant & post ends of the menisci
        are att to the tibia
        -reffered to as the ant & post horns
        
        2 borders
        
        outer border
        
        is thick, convex, & close to the fibrous capsule
        
        inner border
        
        is -thin,concave & free
        
        2 surfaces
        
        upper surface
        
        is concave
        
        for articulation with femur
        
        lower surface
        
        is flat
        & rests on the peripheral
        2/3rds of the tibial condyle
        
        the peripheral thick part is vascular
        
        the inner part is avascular
        -is nourished by synovial fluid
      - 9.medial menisci
        
        is nearly semicircular
        -is wider behind than in the front
        
        posterior fibers of the anterior end
        are continuous with the transverse ligament
        
        its peripheral margin is adherent to the
        deep part of tibial collateral ligament
      - 10.Lateral meniscus
        
        is nearly circular
        
        post end of it att to medial
        condyle of femur
        thru 2 meniscofemoral ligaments
        
        tendon of the popliteus & capsule
        seperate the meniscus frm
        fibular collateral ligament.
        
        the more medial part of the
        tendon of popliteus is attached to
        the lateral meniscus
    - - 1.help make articular surfaces
        more congruent
        
        -cos of their flexibility they can adapt their contour
        to varying curvature of different parts of the femoral
        condyles,as it glides over the tibia
      - 2.serve as shock absorbers
      - 3.help lubricate the joint cavity
      - 4.sensory function
        
        -cos of their nerve supply
        -they give rise to proprioception