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Forces (Types of Forces (Frictional Force (Ffrict): Force exerted by a…

- - - - DRAG:
        Fd - Force of drag, in Newtons, of course.
        D - Density of fluid (usually you have to research this), in kg/m^3. Density changes with the fluid's temperature.
        v^2 - Velocity squared, in m/s. This equation doesn't account for acceleration, so drag can only be calculated at one velocity.
        Cd - Coefficient of drag, no units. Coefficients of drag are based on an object's shape.
        A - Cross-sectional area, in m^2. Essentially, this is the shape you would see if you were facing the object from the front, head-on.
      - STATIC/KINETIC FRICTION:
        F(frict-static) - The force of friction that prevents two objects from sliding against each other; the force of their attraction. (Newtons)
        F(frict-kinetic) - The force of friction that acts opposite to the objects moving against each other, also a force of attraction. (Newtons)
        Mu(frict-static) - Coefficient of static friction represents attraction between surfaces, though it depends on what type of surface (no units).
        Mu(frict-kinetic) - Coefficient of kinetic friction, similar to static friction. It's usually a smaller number than the static friction coefficient, because it takes greater force to set an object in motion (no units).
        Fnorm - Normal force, or gravitational force (they will be equal, so it doesn't matter) (Newtons).
      - NEWTON'S 2ND LAW:
        F(net) - Net force, or the absolute value of unbalanced opposing forces subtracted from each other (Newtons).
        m - Mass of the object (kg).
        a - Object's acceleration (m/s/s).
      - GRAVITATIONAL FORCE:
        Fgrav - Force of gravity for a certain object (Newtons).
        m - Object's mass (kg).
        g - Force of gravity (N/kg), 9.8 on Earth.
    - - DRAG:
        Fd = 0.5Dv^2CdA
        This equation can be used to calculate the amount of resistance a fluid (air, water, etc.) exerts on an object as the object moves through it. However, drag can also apply to objects moving on a surface, for example the air resistance acting on a cyclist or a running horse.
      - Static and Kinetic Friction: See "friction force".
      - NEWTON'S 2ND LAW:
        Fnet = m*a
        This simple equation can be used to calculate any of its three variables.
      - GRAVITATIONAL FORCE:
        Fgrav = m*g
        This equation is used to calculate the amount of gravitational force acting on a particular object.