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ROPS Week 19- The Armenian Genocide (Ottoman Armenians during WW1 (Approx.…
ROPS Week 19- The Armenian Genocide
50-75% of Ottoman Armenians died during WW1
Armenians
First Christian Nation
Distinctive alphabet, literature and art
Nation came formed c.6000 BC
Commerce, traders, craftsmen
Unique architecture
C.10th- capital city Ani- the city of 1001 churches
Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
Educated professionals, skilled craftsmen
Open to ideas from Western Europe and USA
A self-governing ethnic, or religious community
Education in Paris, Geneva or USA
Armenians were a millet
1894-96- 2,100,000 Armenians massacred in ‘pogroms’
c.16th- Armenia absorbed into Ottoman Empire
Armenians- 2 million- 10% of Ottoman Empire population
c.11th- first Turkish invasion of Armenia
Estimated 50-75% of Armenians were killed during WW1
Ottoman Empire in 19th Century
‘Sick Man of Europe’
Autocratic ruler- Sultan Abdulhamid II
Disintegrating- regional revolts- nationalism
1890s push for political reform- right to vote- constitutional government- end to discriminatory taxes
Young Turks-
1909- 200 Armenian villages plundered- 30,000 massacred in Cilicia
1913 coup led by Mehmet Talaat, Ismail Enver, Ahmed Djemal
July 1908- forced Sultan Abdul Hamid to introduce a constitutional government
Aims
- halt decline- unite all Turkic people- expand eastward and create a new Turkish Empire- modernise- centralise
Ottoman Armenians during WW1
Approx. 500,000 Armenian refugees in Russia
21-29 May 1918- Turkish army attacked
1917- Russians invaded, withdrew after revolution
Battle of Sardarabad- Turks defeated
Independent Republic of Armenia
Women, children, elderly- death marches
Mass arrests
24th April 1915- 300 leading Armenians arrested
Approx. 40,000 Armenians in Turkish army
Armenians in Turkey disarmed
Some Armenians lived in Russia
Russia- fellow Christian country
Treaty of Sevres, 10 August 1920- Allied powers, Republic of Armenia and new moderate leadership of Turkey- recognised an independent Armenian state- moderate Turkish leaders ousted in a coup- new Turkish Nationalist leader- Mustafa Kemal- part of historic Armenia became part of USSR
Genocide Denial and Recognition
Armenian National Institute
Genocide Watch- Armenian Genocide Denial by Turkey
Knights of Vartan Armenian Research Centre, The University of Michigan-Dearborn
Assembly of Turkish American Associations
Turkey is a member of NATO
US Presidents pledged to recognise genocide, but…
1994- Russian parliament recognition
1987- European Parliament recognition