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THE GOTHIC NOVEL (HORACE WALPOLE(1717-1797) *VILLA STRAWBERRY= …

- - - - - CHARACTERS:
        
        MANFRED: prince of Otranto
        
        GRANDFATHER: usurper
        
        PRINCE ALONSO: ghost
        
        CONRAD: Manfred' son
        
        ISABELLA: his future wife
        
        HIPPOLITA: Manfred's barren wife
        
        THEODORE: young paesant
        
        MATILDA: Manfred's daughter
        
        - SUPERNATURAL ELEMENTS:
        FATAL HELMET
        GRANDFATHER'S PORTRAIT
        PROPHECY
- - - - where are analysed the distinctions between the BEAUTIFUL
        and the SUBLIME
        
        SMALLNESS, SMOOTHNESS AND BRIGHTNESS of colour
        
        INFINITY, DARKNESS, SOLITUDE AND TERROR
        
        THE MAIN PASSION CAUSED BY THE SUBLIME:
        ASTONISHMENT (STUPORE)
        
        STATE OF SOUL, IN WHICH ALL THE EMOTIONS ARE SUSPANDED, WITH SOME DEGREE OF TERROR, IT FILLES THE MIND, THAT CANNOT ENTERTAIN ANY OTHER
        
        IS THE EFFECT OF SUBLIME IN ITS HIGHER DEGREE AND INFERIOR EFFECT OF ADMIRATION, REVERENCE AND RESPECT
        
        THE MOST EFFECTIVE AND THE STRONGEST PASSION THAT ROBS THE MIND OF ALL ITS POWERS OF ACTING AND REASONING:
        FEAR
        
        IT OPERATES IN A MANNER THAT RESEMBLES ACTUAL PAIN
        
        WHATEVER THEREFORE IS TERRIBLE, WITH REGARD OF SIGHT, IS SUBLIME TOO, WHETER THIS CAUSE OF TERROR BE ENDUED WITH GREATNESS OF DIMENSIONS OR NOT.
        
        THERE ARE MANY ANIMALS, WHO THOUGH FAR FROM BEING LARGE, ARE YET CAPABLE OF RAISING IDEAS OF SUBLIME, BECAUSE THEY ARE CONSIDERED AS OBJECTS OF TERROR, AS SERPENTS AND POISONOUS ANIMALS.
        
        ESSENTIAL INGREDIENT OF TERROR:
        OBSCURITY
        
        BECAUSE WHEN WE SEE THINGS, WE HAVE LESS FEAR, IN FACT NIGHT ADDS TO OUR DREAD, AND HOW MUCH THE NOTIONS OF GHOSTS AND GOBLINS, AFFECT MINDS OF HUMANS.
        
        THOSE DESPOTIC GOVERNMENTS, WHICH ARE FOUNDED ON THE PASSIONS OF MEN, AND PRINCIPALLY UPON THE PASSION OF FEAR, KEEP THEIR CHIEF AS MUCH AS MAY BE FROM THE PUBLIC EYE.
        
        RELIGION: HEATHENS TEMPLES ARE DARK, BARBAROUS TEMPLES OF THE AMERICANS, THEY KEEP THEIR IDOL IN A DARK PART OF THE HUT, DRUIDS PERFORMED THEIR CEREMONIES IN THE BOSOM OF THE DARKEST WOODS.
        
        UNDERSTOOD BY MILTON, THAT USES THE SECRET OF HEIGHTENING, OR OF SETTING THINGS, IN THEIR STRONGEST LIGHT, BY THE FORCE OF OBSCURITY; IN HIS BOOK "PARADISE LOST" WHERE USES SUBLIME ELEMENTS FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF SATAN AND DEATH, ASTONISHING WITH A GLOOMY POMP.
- - - - SUBLIME
- - - - GOTHIC NOVEL