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7.1 non renewable energy-fossil fuels (oil (crude oil (advantages (ample…
7.1 non renewable energy-fossil fuels
energy and energy use
commercial energy
nonrenewable energy sources
fossil fuels
oil
coal
natural gas
nuclei of certain atoms
nuclear energy
90% of commercial energy
renewable energy sources
wind
flowing water
hydropower
solar energy
biomass
geothermal energy
10% commercial energy
eco footprint (humans)
air pollution
climate change
ocean acidification=burning fossil fuels
fossil fuels
ancient plant/animal remains in intense heat and pressure
coal
electricity
heat
vehicle power
combustion
heat
kinetic energy
electricity
net energy
energy output-input
kilowatt/hr
BTUs (heat
Joules
energy density
energy/kg
not account quality energy
oil
transport ppl and goods
heat homes
grow food
other energy sources
manufacture
plastics
cosmetics
asphalt
crude oil
petroleum
conventional oil
combustile hydrocarbons
sulfur
oxygen
nitrogen
geo survey
seismic survey
exploratory well
well is drilled
pumped
peak production
refining
decreases net energy of oil
2% petrochems
make industrial organic chem
cleaning fluids
pesticides
plastics
synthetic fibers
paints
meds
cosmetics
oil deposits
proven oil reserves
OPEC
12 countries=81% of proven crude oil reserves
algeria
angola
ecuador
equitorial guinea
gabon
iran
kuwait
libya
saudi arabia
nigeria
qatar
united arab emirates
venezuela
advantages
ample supply for decades
net energy is medium-decreasing
low bad disruption
efficient distribution system
disadvantages
water pollution from oil spills and leaks
enviro costs not included in market price
releases CO2 and other air pollutants when burned
vulnerable to international supply interruptions
net energy
dropped by 50%
spend more money and use more energy
medium-decreasing
more destructive
higher enviro impact
economic depletion
waste less
use less
recycle
reuse existing supplies
find substitute
do w out
heavy crude oil
shale oil
large energy input
low net energy
enviro harm
toxic rock waste
wastewater
leaks into local enviro
high water use
oil sands/tar sands
clay
sand
water
bitumen
drilling vertical wells
clear cutting forests
strip mining
steam
disadvantages
costly to produce
low net energy
more enviro damage
air pollutants
sulfur dioxide
nitrogen dioxides
particulates
20% more CO2
strip mining
waste water from fracking
hydrofracking
hydraulic fracturing
high pressure pumps
create cracks
slurry flows to the surface
probs
huge energy input
large amounts of water
wastewater(flurry)
toxic materials
salts
heavy metals
radioactive materials
underground wells
sewage treatment plants
open air holding ponds
small earthquakes
release hazardous oil
wastewater into aquifers
natural gas
methane
propane
butane
hydrogen sulfide
versatile fuel
cooking
heating
industrial purposes
vehicle fuel
medium net energy
advantages
cheaper to extract
less time to build
burns cleaner than oil and coal
disadvantages
slow shift to reliance on renewable, clean energy resources
huge inputs of energy
risk of underground pollution
leaks large quantities of methane into atmosphere
coal
formation
peat (not a coal)
lignite (brown coal)
bituminous (soft coal)
anthracite (hard coal)
use
most abundant fossil fuel
produce electricity
produce intense heat
disadvantages
largest emitters of CO2
severely degrades land
black carbon particulates
air pollutants
causing severe illnesses
air pollution laws
scrubbers remove toxic pollutants
reduces air pollution
coal ash
dangerous
indestructible
chem elements
coal power pay/minimize damage
phase out subsidies and tax breaks
tax CO2 emissions
create and enforce stricter air pollution controls
regulate coal ash
promote shift to natural gas and renewable energy sources
synfuels
synthetic natural gas (SNG)
coal gasification
"cleaner" versions of coal
actually adds 50%+ CO2 to atmosphere
climate change
ocean acidificaton
water shortages