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Lymphatic and Immune System (Disorders of the Immune system (Asthma.,…
Lymphatic and Immune System
Major functions of Lymphatic and Immune System
Immune system: protect the host from environmental agents such as microbes or chemicals, thereby preserving the integrity of the body
Lymphatic system: transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.
Anatomy of the Lymphatic system
Consists of two semi-independent parts, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues/organs
Function: collects any fluid that is lost in blood capillaries/proteins and put them back to blood, drain excess fluid from tissues
Characteristics: Lymph- fluid carried by the lymphatic vessels. Lymph moves by milking action of skeletal muscles surround the lymphatic vessels.
Innate/natural immune defenses and Adaptive/acquired immune defense
Innate Immune defense
Physical Barriers: Skin keeps any organism out of the body. Mucus lining in nose is sticky viscus fluid and traps any foreign object.
Chemical Barrier: Lysozome in eyes and acid in the stomach (kills pathogens trying to gain entry). Inflammation: done by mast cells , cells are always in body, when something is found a signal in the form of histamine molecules and blood rushes through to clot opening.
Adaptive Immune defense
T-cells come into play when an infection has already occured
Some T-cells take signals from dendritic cells of macrophages.
Helper T-cells: two key task- forming effectors T-cells, cells that cycle through body and call cavarly other WBC, memory T-cells keep record of antigens for future record reference. Cytotoxoc cells perform mercy killing for infected/dying cells.
B-cells join fight when pathogen entered, but haven't caused any disease (called humoral response).
Humoral vs. Cellular response
Humoral
Antibodies defend against infection in body fluids. B-cells are lymphocytes that mature in the bone and they are involved in humoral immune response
Primary humoral response , binding event activates the lymphocyte to undergo clonal selection (rapid coping of the specific b cells). Most b cells become plasma cells which produce antibodies and some b cells become long lived memory cells for the secondary humoral response.
Secondary Humoral response, much faster, stronger, more efficient and longer lasting than primary. Destroys pathogen before any symptoms of infection shows. Memory cells activated, divide rapidly producing antibodies as soon as antigen is reintroduces into the body.
Cellular
Cytotoxic cells defend against infection in already infected, cancer, or transplanted cells. Lymphocytes that mature in the thymus are called t cells and are involved in the cell-mediated immune response
Antigens and antibodies
Antibodies
Solluable protein secreted by the plasma cells derived from the b cells carried in the body fluids, capable of binding specifically antigens.
Antigens
Structures specifically bound by antibodies or a cell surface version of Ab ~ B cell antigen receptor.
Disorders of the Immune system
Asthma.
Ataxia telangiectasia.
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.
Burkitt lymphoma.
Diabetes, type 1.
DiGeorge syndrome.
Familial Mediterranean fever.
Immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM.