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populations and ecosystems (the structure of ecosystems (physiognomic…
populations and ecosystems
plants in relationship to their habitats
abiotic
climate
temperature
rainfall
#
relative humidity
soil factors
pioneers
A horizon
zone of leaching
B horizon
zone of deposition(rich in nutrients)
C horizon
parent rock and rock fragments
latitude and altitude
equator - more sun period
high altitude
high winds
poor soils
physiological drought
intense ultraviolet light
disturbances
fires
landslides
floods
avalanches
biotic
the plant itself
other plant species
mutualism
competition
competitive exclusion
other organisms
mutualism
pollination
frugivores
commensal relationship
bird nest in tree
predation
herbivory
browsing
grazing
pathogenic
fungi
bacteria
the structure of populations
geographic distribution
limiting factors
light in photosynthesis
random distribution
uniform distribution
clumped distribution
age distribution demography
generation time
biotic potential
r- and k- selection
adaptive in r- sites
annual
early maturity
many small seeds
few mechanical or chemical defenses
adaptive in k-sites
perennial
late maturity
fewer larger seeds
many defenses
the structure of ecosystems
physiognomic structure
therophytes
survive stress as seeds
geophytes
underground buds
hemicryptophyes
buds on surface of soil
chemaephytes
buds above ground
phanerophytes
high bud location
temporal structure
species composition
trophic levels
primary consumers
secondary consumers
primary producers
tertiary consumers
decomposers
