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PLANTS (Unit 6; 4º Primary) (PLANT NUTRITION (PHOTOSYNTHESIS (Process: …
PLANTS
(Unit 6; 4º Primary)
Classification of plants
(according to their type of
stem
)
Bushes
Short, woody Stems
Branches grow close to the ground
Trees
Long woody trunk
Branches grow from the trunk
Grasses
Hervaceous stems
PLANT NUTRITION
NUTRITION
Process:
To
obtain nutrients and energy
they need to live. It's an Essential process
Plants make their
own food.
They don´t feed on other living things (like animals)
To do their food plants need to
absorb
through their roots:
Mineral salts
RAW SAP
(Mixture of water and mineral salts)
Travel up the stem to the leaves
(through long tubes called
Xylem vessels
)
Water
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Process:
Leaves take in Carbon dioxide from the air (through tiny holes called
stomata
)
Carbon dioxide mixes with
raw sap
in the leaves:
elaborated sap
(produce in the leaves and distributed to all parts of the plant through the
Phloem Vessels
)
During the day, plants release
oxigen
as a waste product
Plants need
Sunlight
to perform Photosynthesis
Sunlight is trapped in the leaves by the
Chlorophyll
RESPIRATION
Process:
Gas exchange
Take place during Night and Day
Take in
oxigen
from the air
Release
Carbon dioxide
into the air
Oxygen + elaborated sap =
produce the
energy
that plants need
PLANT REPRODUCTION
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Take place in flowers.
Flowers have
male & female parts
Male
Stamens
Anther is located at the top of stamen.
Polen
is produce in the anther.
Is a microscopic powder made up of small grains
Female
Pistil
Ovary
is the wider part. It contains
ovules
Stigma
is located at the top of the pistil
Pollination
Process: The transfer of pollen from the
anther
of a flower to the
stigma
of another flower
Types of Pollination:
Insect
Insects are attracted to aromatic flowers with nectar. Ollen sticks to the insect. The insect carries the pollen to other flowers
Wind
Some plants have small, unattractive flowers. They produce large quantities of polen that the wind blows to the stigmas of other flowers
Fruit and Seeds
Process: After pollination,
fruit
is formed from the ovary and the ovules transform into
seeds
Fruit
Functions
:
protect seeds
Spread the seeds far from the mother plant.
Types
:
Cherries and blackberries: Are juicy and nutritious. Animals eat them and eliminate the seeds in their excrements
Dandelion Fruits: Light and have long hairs attached to the seeds. The wind carries them.
Other Fruits: Have tiny hooks and are carried in animal fur
Germination
Process: When the seed falls to the ground and finds moist soil and warm temperatures: the
embryo
begins to grow.
The seed opens ant he root, the stem and the shoot come out.
1º the embryo take nutrients from the food store
2º Takes nutrients from the soil (when the roots grow)
After germination
New plants grow from seeds
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Many plants can reproduce
without flowers or seeds.
They use
parts of themselves
to reproduce. They use different
structures
(eg special stems)
New plant has the same
characteristics
than the "
mother plan
t"
Specialized Stems
Rhizomes
Grow horizontally underground (eg Ginger)
Stolons
Grow horizontally above the ground (eg Strawberries)
Underground Stems
Bulbs
With leaves that store food . Roots grow from the bottom of the bulb (eg Onions and Garlic)
Tubers
Develop roots. The stems and roots emerge from growing point called
Eyes
(eg Potatos)
Techniques of Asexual reproduction
Layering
Grafting
Cuttings
CROP FARMING
Process of Farming
(important stages)
Sowing
Farmers carefully place seeds in the soil
Fertilizing
Fertilizers contain mineral salts that help plants to grow
Irrigation
When rainfall is not enough, farmers water their crops.
Fumigation
Farmers spray plants with pesticides to stop insects harming the crops
Pruning
Some branches are cut from trees and bushed. This help the plant to grow
Harvesting
Famers collect mature crops from fields
Ploughing
Farmers turn the soil to make it ready for planting
Activity of cultivating plants to obtain different products.
This products are called
Crops
Uses
Raw Materials
To make other products
(eg fabric, cosmetics, medicines)
Feed Animales
eg Hay to feed cows and sheeps
Food
Mort Crops are grown for food
(eg Cereals, fruit, vegetable)