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Biomechanics (Projectile motion (height of release (Many sports involve…
Biomechanics
Projectile motion
height of release
Many sports involve releasing a projectile from a given height then landing at ground level.
The greater the height of release of a projectile, the greater the horizontal distance it will cover, provided all other factors are equal.
angle of release
The angle of release of a projectile determines trajectory shape.
With all other things held constant it also determines:
- The time the object stays in the air
- The horizontal distance the object moves.
Theoretical optimal angle of release for distance = 45⁰ provided height of release and landing height remain equal and spin and air resistance are not present (this of course never occurs on earth!)
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Projectile motion and how it applies to a selected sport in relation to the principle of optimal projection, parabolic trajectory, release of projectiles – angle, velocity and height
Balance
static
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Examples, Completing a hand stand, swimmer or runner on the blocks at the start of a race, pyramid in cheer leading
dynamic
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Examples, catching a wave while surfing, riding a skateboard, kicking a ball in soccer
centre of gravity
The theoretical point in an object, located either inside or outside of the body, where all the body's mass is equally distributed
Standing still- centre of gravity is located in the abdominal cavity, about 6 inches above the pubis symphysis
base of support
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It refers to the area beneath an object or person that includes every point of contact that the object or person makes with the supporting surface
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Motion
linear
is along a straight line no rotation, all body parts move in same direction at same speed
Examples, ice skater gliding after they completed a movement and cyclist who stops peddling (straight line motion)
Angular
where all parts of the body move through a rotational pathway, through the same angle in the same direction at the same time
It's a rotary movement about an axis
Examples, Gymnast swinging on a high bar
General
combination of linear and angular motion
Human movement usually consists of general motion
Result of angular rotation of the body segments combining to produce linear motion of the body
Example, cyclist move in a straight line but rotation at hips
velocity
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Speed in a given direction
A change in velocity could be representative of a change in speed, change in direction, or both.
speed
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Measure of the distance an object travels per unit of time
Representative of how quickly you cover a given distance
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newtons laws
1st
an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force
2nd
The greater the force applied applied to an object, the faster the acceleration will be.
If the same force is applied to objects of differing mass, the object with less mass will accelerate faster
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3rd
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.