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Perfusion Disorders (Impaired Circulation (Causes (Obstructive process…

- - - - Thrombus Formation
        
        altering perfusion
        
        occludes artery
        
        doesn't allow O2 to reach peripheral tissues
        
        can lead to infarction
        
        Causes
        
        excessive clotting
        
        Alterations in blood flow
        
        injury to vessel
        
        Atherosclerosis
        
        impairs circulation
        
        eventually ocludes artery
        
        Lipid deposits form fibrous plaques (LDL)
        
        increases resistance of blood
        
        hypertension
        
        discussed in impaired cardiac output
        
        increases resistance of blood
        
        hypertension
        
        treatment
        
        medication
        
        Calcium/beta blockers
        
        decreases peripheral resistance
        
        lower BP
        
        lowers blood pressure
        
        decreases peripheral resistance
        
        ACE inhibitors
        
        prevents vasoconstriction
        
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        ACE inhibitors
        
        prevent vasoconstriction
        
        1 more item...
        
        lifestyle
        
        Exercise
        
        aids in circulation of blood
        
        diet
        
        low cholesterol foods
        
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        reduce sodium intake
        
        Diet
        
        reduce sodium intake
        
        Eat food with low cholesteral
        
        1 more item...
        
        Exercise
        
        aids in blood circulation
    - - Hemorrhage
        
        loss of blood
- - - - results in increase oxygen consumption
        
        perfussion demand increase
        
        Can result in tachycardia
        
        increased HR overworks the heart
        
        results in not enough perfusion to tissues to meet metabolic needs
    - - reduction of thyroid hormone
        
        gland destruction
        
        medication to block hormone production
        
        surgical removal of gland
        
        requires lifelong supplementation of thyroid hormone orally
        
        radioactive iodine
- - - - Increases vascular resistance
        
        impairs circulation
        
        inadequate cardiac output
      - Vasoconstriction
        
        hypoxemia results from oxygen depravation
        
        Treatment includes oxygen therapy
        
        Brings O2 levels back to normal, allowing cells to function
    - - treatment of pulmonary embolous
        
        Medication
        
        Thrombolytics
        
        Dissolves clots
        
        Anticoagulants
        
        Thins blood/breaks up existing clot
        
        surgical procedures
        
        clot removal
- - - - openings within chamber septa
        
        impairs smooth directional flow of blood
        
        Arterial Septal defect
        
        direction of blood movement
        
        higher pressure (left atria) to low pressure (right atria)
        
        Ventricular septal defect
        
        direction of blood movement
        
        higher pressure (left ventricle) to low pressure (right ventricle)
      - Increased cardiac output and peripheral resistance
        
        hypertension
        
        elevated systolic and diastolic BP
        
        Increase in cardiac output
        
        increased peripheral resistance
        
        increased blood viscosity
        
        vasoconstriction
        
        overstimulation
        
        2 more items...
        
        treatment
        
        Lifestyle changes
        
        regular exercise
        
        aerobic
        
        diet
        
        reduce salt intake
        
        decrease alcohol intake
        
        pharmacologic treatment
        
        Calcium channel blockers
        
        blocks movement of calcium into arterial cells
        
        1 more item...
        
        Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
        
        inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2
        
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        Thiazide diuretics
        
        prevents NaCl reabsorption
        
        Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
        
        blocks action of angiotensin 2
        
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    - - Loss of muscle activity in heart
        
        leads to inability to move blood
        
        congestion of venous blood and impaired venous return
    - - Hypercoagulation
        
        Excess platelet formation
        
        Thrombus (blood clot) formation