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hip joint (ligaments (1.fibrous capsule (is attached to the hip bone to…
hip joint
ligaments
1.fibrous capsule
is attached to the hip bone
to the acetabular labrum &
on the femur
to the intertrochantric line
anteroposteriorly
is thick
& firmly attached
-bears max tension in standing posture
posteroinferiorly
capsule is thin
& loosely attached to bone
2.iliofemoral ligament
inverted Y-shaped ligament of Bigelow
apex-attached to lower half of AIIS
base- attached to intertrochanteric line
triangular in shape
lies anteriorly
is one of the strongest ligaments in the body
it prevents the trunk frm falling backwards
in the standing posture
upper oblique fibers
form thick & strong bands
lower vertical fibers
form thick & strong bands
middle fibers
are thin & weak
3.pubofemoral ligament
supports the joint inferomedially
also triangular in shape
superiorly
is attached to
the iliopubic eminance
the obturator crest
& the obturator membrane
inferiorly
it merges with
the anteroinferior part of the capsule
& with the lower band of iliofemoral ligament
4.ischiofemoral ligament
is comparatively weak
covers joint posteriorly
its fibers form the zona orbicularis
its fibers are twisted
extend frm the ischium
to the acetabulum
some are attached to the G.trochanter
5.ligament of head of femur
round ligament/ligamentum teres
is a flat & triangular ligament
apex- att to the fovea capitis
base-att to the transverse ligament
& the margins of acetabular notch
it may be v,thin or even absent
it transmits arteries to the head of femur
-frm the acetabular branches of
obturator artery &
medial circumflex femoral Artery
6.acetabular labrum
is a fibrocartilaginous rim
attached to the margins of actbm
it narrows the mouth of actbm
& helps in holding the head of femur
in position
7.transverse acetabular ligament
is a part of actb labrum
bridges the acetb notch
& is converted into a foramen
stability depends upon
depth of the acetabulum
-& narrowing of its mouth
by the acetabular labrum
is unique in having a high degree of
stability as well as mobility
tension & strength of ligaments
strength of the surrounding muscles
length
& obliquity of the neck of femur
atmospheric pressure
relations of the hip joint
anterior relations
tendon of iliopsoas
-seperated frm the joint by
a bursa
femoral vein
femoral artery
femoral nerve
posterior relations
frm below upwards
tendon of obturator externus
covered by the
quadratus femoris
ob internus
gemelli
piriformis
sciatic nerve
glu maximus
superior relations
reflected head of rectus femoris
covered by
the glu minimus
glu medius
& partly by the
glu maximus
inferior relations
lateral fibers of
pectineus &
obt exertus
gracilis
add longus
add brevis
add magnus
& hamstring muscles
movements
1.flexion & extension
occur around a transverse axis
flexion-140 degrees
extension - 20 degrees
flexion
psoas major
iliacus
accesory
-pectineus
-rectus femoris
-sartorius
-adductors(longus)
extension
glu maximus
hamstrings
Acc
-
2.adduction & abduction
occur around anteroposterior axis
abduction - 50 deg
adduction - 30 deg
with flexed knee
abductio - 80 deg
adduction - 20 deg
ADduction
add longus
add brevis
add magnus
accesory
-pectineus
-gracilis
ABduction
glu medius
glu minimus
accesory
-tensor fasciae latae
-sartorius
3.internal & external rotation
occur around a vertical axis
with flexed knee
int rotation - 40 deg
ext rotation - 50 deg
with extended knee
int rotation - 40 deg
ext rotation - 30 deg
int rotation
tensor fasciae latae
ant fibers of
-glu medius
-glu minimus
accesory
-
ext rotation
2 obturators
2 gemelli
quadratus femoris
accesory
-piriformis
-glu max
-sartorius
4.circumduction
is a combination of these 3 movements
articular surfaces
head of femur
with the
acetabulum of the hip bone
head of femur forms more than
half a sphere
is covered by hyaline cartilage
-except fovea capitis
acetabulum forms a horse shoe shaped
lunate articular surface
an acetabular notch & an acetabular fossa
lunate surface is covered with cartilage
Acetabulum
Acetabular fossa
No hyaline cartilage
lagament of head of femur attaches here
Acetabular notch/lunate surface
Covered with hyaline cartilage
Head of femur
Forms more than half a sphere
Is covered with hyaline cartilage
except : at fovea capitis
blood supply
hip joint is supplied by the
ob artery
2 circumflex artery
& 2 gluteal arteries
the medial & lateral circumflex
femoral arteries form an
arterial circle arnd the
-capsular attachment on neck of femur
reticular arteries arise frm this circle
& supply the
intracapsular part of the neck &
the greater part of the head of femur
a small part of the head
near the fovea capitis
is supplied by the
acetabular branches of the
obturator &
medial circ.fem.artery
nerve supply
femoral nerve
through the
nerve to the rectus femoris
ant division of obturator nerve
nerve to the quadratus femoris
& superior gluteal nerve
Type
Ball & socket variety of synovial joint
Multiaxial