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Management and Leadership (CONTROLLING: MAKING SURE IT WORKS (Comparing…
Management and Leadership
Manager`s roles are evolving
Managers must practice the art of getting things done through organizational resources,
Today, however, most managers tend to be more progressive.
Managers of high-tech firms, like Google and Apple, realize that many work-
ers often know more about technology than they do.
The four functions of management
Leading
Guiding and motivating employees to work effectively to accomplish organizational goals
and objectives.
Giving assignments.
Explaining routines.
Clarifying policies.
Providing feedback on performance.
Organizing
Preparing a structure (organization chart) showing lines of authority and responsibility.
Recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees.
Allocating resources, assigning tasks, and establishing procedures for accomplishing goals.
Placing employees where they’ll be most effective.
Planning
Developing strategies to reach those goals.
Determining resources needed.
Setting organizational goals.
Setting precise standards.
Controlling
Monitoring performance relative to standards.
Rewarding outstanding performance.
Measuring results against corporate objectives.
Taking corrective action when necessary.
Planning and decision making
What is the situation now?
Potential external
OPPORTUNITIES
Ability to transfer skills/technology to
new products
Falling trade barriers in attractive foreign
markets
Expand product lines
Complacency among rival firms
Ability to serve additional customer
groups
Ability to grow due to increases in market
demand
THREATS
Slower market growth
Costly regulatory requirements
Rising sales of substitute products
Vulnerability to recession and business
cycles
Entry of lower-cost foreign competitors
Changing buyer needs and tastes
Potential internal
STRENGTHS
An acknowledged market leader
Well-conceived functional area strategies
Core competencies in key areas
Proven management
Cost advantages
Better advertising campaigns
WEAKNESSES
Obsolete facilities
Subpar profitability
No clear strategic direction
Lack of managerial depth and talent
Weak market image
Too narrow a product line
How can we get to our goal from here?
Strategic planning
Tactical planning
Operational planning
Contingency planning
CONTROLLING: MAKING SURE IT WORKS
Comparing results against plans and standards.
Communicating results and deviations to the appropriate employees.
Monitoring and recording actual performance or results.
Taking corrective action when needed and providing positive feedback
for work well done.
Establishing clear performance standards.
Leading: Providing continuous vision and values
Leadership Styles
Autocratic leadership
making managerial decisions without
consulting others.
Participative (democratic) leadership
involves managers and
employees working together to make decisions.
free-rein leadership
managers set objectives and employees are
free to do whatever is appropriate to accomplish those objectives.
Managing Knowledge
Empowering Workers
Enabling
Organizing: creating a unified system
Tasks and Skills at Different Levels of Management
Human relations skills
include communication and motivation;
Conceptual skills
let the manager picture the organization as a whole
and see the relationships among its various parts.
Technical skills
are the ability to perform tasks in a specific discipline
Staffing: Getting and Keeping the Right People
recruiting, hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people
available to accomplish the company’s objectives.