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The first part of 20th century in England (Literary aspect (Novel in 20th…
The first part of 20th century in England
Political aspect
Queen Victoria died. In 1910 his son, Edward VII, became the king
Alliances with France(Entente Cordiale) and Russia against Germany,Italy and Austria
The society was characterised by
Class distinction
Poverty, that affected the greatest part of society.
Moral Values
In 1906, Liberals won the general elections. They were divided in 2 groups
Traditionalists, who refused the State's intervention in social life
New Liberalists, who apporved some interventions
New Liberalists build the Welfar State and introduces new reforms
1905 Free school meals
1907 Free school medical inspections
1908 Children's Act
1908 The Old Pensions Act
1911 The National Insurance Act
1911 Parliament Act
Phenomenon of Suffragettes
1914 Beginning of World War 1
Cultural Aspect
Age of Anxiety and Crysis of all certainties
Sigmund Freud, who devided human psyche in
Ego, the coordination of the parts. It is the conscience
SuperEgo, moral and social laws imposed by the society
ID, wild side of a man. Impulses without order
Freud studied the relationship between sexes and between children and parents.
He discovered the Unconscious, where memories are located.
Carl Gustave Jung, who created "the collective unconscious", a collective cultural memory
Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of Relativity of space and time
Bergson and James, who divided time in :
Historical time, that is external and is indicated by clocks
Internal time, that is indicated by memories
So a man is
Part fo nature and phenomenon for Freud
The result of social forces for Marx
who can get better because god doesn't save him, for Nietzche
Literary aspect
Novel in 18th century portrayed problems and situations of social classes
Novel in 20th century portrayed the reality inside the human mind
the hero is a man who tries to coop with problems and troubles in his mind.
Novellists give voice to thoughts and not to facts
they used the Interior monologue to express the stream of consciousness, that is caused by external stimula
Direct monologue
Sometimes is difficult to understand the meaning and the order
No chronological order
2 different level of narration: what happened outside the character and what happended inside his head.
lack of external narrator
Indirect monologue
presence of external narrator
Inner timeprefered to the external
succession of presents and past, but with order