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SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM THEORIES (Lev Vygotsky (social (knowledge is co…
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM THEORIES
Lev Vygotsky
social
knowledge is co-constructed and that individuals learn from one another
Learning happens with the assistance of other people, thus contributing the social aspect of the theory
he learner must be engaged in the learning process. Learning happens with the assistance of other people, thus contributing the social aspect of the theory.
The Zone of proximal development
This is a “range of tasks that are too difficult for an individual to master alone, but can be mastered with the assistance or guidance of adults or more-skilled peers
Scaffolding
giving the learner the right amount of assistance at the right time. If the learner can perform a task with some assistance, then he or she is closer to mastering it.
the more knowledgeable other
might use different language than I did as a teacher. The student’s phrasing might make more sense to the other student.
Would also learn something, perhaps a deeper understanding of the content or a way to explain the concept that they had not thought of before.
Language
ROLES:
1.It is the main means by which adults transmit information to children.
Language itself becomes a very powerful tool of intellectual adaptation.
language are initially separate systems from the beginning of life, merging at around three years of age
He considered private speech as the transition point between social and inner speech, the moment in development where language and thought unite to constitute verbal thinking.
Jean Piaget
concept
Assimilation
Which is using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation.
Accommodation
This happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation.
Schema
mean that you would not be able to make so much use of information from your past experience or to plan future actions.
the basic building block of intelligent behaviour – a way of organizing knowledge.
it is useful to think of schemas as “units” of knowledge, each relating to one aspect of the world, including objects, actions, and abstract
Equilibration
Equilibrium occurs when a child's schemas can deal with most new information through assimilation. However, an unpleasant state of disequilibrium occurs when new information cannot be fitted into existing schemas
Equilibration is the force which drives the learning process as we do not like to be frustrated and will seek to restore balance by mastering the new challenge
Principles
Learning should be whole, authentic and "real" to be effective
Learning is an active process
The passive view of teaching views the learner as ‘an empty vessel’ to be filled with knowledge, whereas constructivism states that learners construct meaning only through active engagement with the world
information must come from making meaningful connections between prior knowledge, new knowledge, and the processes involved in learning.