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A short history of Learning Sciences (Flowering of the Learning Sciences…
A short history of Learning Sciences
Learning Sciences?
Study how people learn
how to support learning
Empirical,
Interdisciplinary
Contextualized
Action oriented
EPISTEMOLOGY
Study of knowledge
Examples of Epistemology question
How does a person get know something
What does knowledge mean
what is the basis of true knowledge
the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope, and the distinction between justified belief and opinion.
Dewey says its a relationship between Process of Experience & Education
Behaviorist says Human environment source of conditioning
Pragmatic approach to Science of Learning
METHODOLOGY
is a system of practices and procedures that a teacher uses to teach. It will be based on beliefs about the nature of language, and how it is learnt (known as 'Approach').
Teacher-Centered Methods of Instruction
Research methods
Teaching methods
Early Learning Sciences (1980s–1990s)
Birth of Learning Sciences
action-orientation and contextualization characteristics of educational research in cognitive science were being worked out
more situated theories of thinking and learning
1990 - Institute of Northwestern University founded as interdisciplinary between cognitive sciences, ed psychology, curriculum & instruction
1991 - First International Conference of the Learning Sciences spearheaded by Roger Schank
1991 - Janet Kolodner founded the Journal of the Learning Sciences (guidelines on effective educational environment and innovative ways to use computers
1995 - First biennial conference on CSCL held in Bloomington, Indiana
1991 - 1995
1.Explosion of emerging technologies that enabled the creation of technology-mediated learning environment
Several institutions, funded by National Science Foundation & McDonnell Foundation, played a role to bring technology, design and contextualised view of learning together
The projects of the institutes encompass 4 characteristics - interdisciplinary, empirical, action-orientated and empirical
Significant Learning theories included anchored instruction, cognitive apprenticeship, CLE, knowledge-building communities, communities of practice.
Seeds of Learning Sciences
Early 20th Century
focus more on empirical approaches
Empirical disciplines become more solidified and differentiated in academic institutions
Mid- to late 20th century
Arrival of digital computing & computer science
Slowly move from behaviorism approach to cognitivism
in US school & education college focus on
Preparing teacher
conduct educational research
Langmen define history of education as competition court
advent of computing and the emergence of cognitive science
Emerge of AI (Artificial Intelligent)
Studies about language development
Interdisciplinary studies start to emergence
Example
studies on Language development advent than support with medical research on damage to specific areas of the brain yielded very particular disabilities in producing or comprehending language
Institutionalization of Learning Sciences (1990s–2000s)
International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS),
Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Conferences (CSCL)
Key contribution
cognition and learning
new methodologies
interaction analysis
microgenetic analysis
design experiments
new approaches to technology
tools for fostering communities of learners
tools for scaffolded inquiry
new models of intelligent tutoring systems
goal-based scenarios.
DFG Priority Program Net-based knowledge communication in groups
EU Kaleidoscope Network of Excellence on technology-mediated learning
Design Experiment Consortium was founded
Design-Based Research Collective &
other researchers began elaborating the method with special issues of the journals like
Educational Researcher
Educational Psychologist
Educational Technology
Journal of the Learning Sciences
How People Learn was written in 1999
Technology mediated learning
CILT (Center for Innovative Learning Technology) this network funded by
U.S. National Science Foundation
design-based research methods as a core methodology for the learning sciences
:star: :star: consolidation of the learning sciences as a field supporting interdisciplinary, empirical research that was both action-oriented and sensitive to the contextualized nature of learning
Flowering of the Learning Sciences (2000s–present)
institutionalization through the ISLS were increased
CSCL, were flowering globally
Launch of International Journal CSCL
Exchange program started
The emergence of artificial intelligence in education
The deepening of the insights linking context and learning and further interdisciplinary
Conceptualization of group cognition theory
New methodology design-based research implemented
New video-based technology and big data approached on study and learning