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ROPS Week 14- Exterminating ‘Demons’: Religious Radicalism and the Taiping…
ROPS Week 14- Exterminating ‘Demons’: Religious Radicalism and the Taiping Rebellion, 1850-64
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Economy- silver drain, higher taxes
Military- widespread opium addiction, Yao uprising in south China (1830s)
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Talent glut- academic degrees, government posts
Ethic conflict- property and land rights, Hakka and Punti in south China esp. Guangxi
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Hong Xiuqang
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1837- 3rd failure, breakdown
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Visions- 1837- escorted to heaven- Heavenly Father and Elder Brother- handed a sword and ordered to destroy demons in heaven- Heavenly King and ‘natural younger brother’ or Jesus- sent back to Earth to continue demon-slaying mission
Taiping Rebellion
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Late 1840s- ethnic conflict, religious persecution
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Suppression and Survival
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1859-60- revival (Li Xiucheng), Suzhou
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Historiography
Essentialist interpretations- Hong as heretical ‘madman’, Taipings as inauthentic Christians
Revisionist interpretations (e.g. Reilly)- religious rebellion, Taipings as Christian revolutionaries
Ethnicity-centred interpretations (e.g. Kuhn)- ethnic conflict, social context of south China, ‘ethnic revolutionaries’ (Puntis to Manchus)
Class-centred interpretations- ‘peasant’ rebels’, ‘egalitarian’ ideology, proto-Communist group