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Mutation Study (Key Terms (Somatic Mutation (Mutation that changes…

- - - - Silent Mutation: mutated codon codes for the same amino acid (no effect on organism)
        
        Several codons code for the same amino acid, so if a point mutation changes CUU (leucine) to CUG, CUA, or CUC, there is no effect because all three also code for leucine
      - Missense: mutated codon codes for dif. amino acid
        
        some effect on organism, but it depends on the situation
      - Nonsense: mutated codon is a stop codon that stops protein synthesis early
        
        has a serious effect
- - - - cancer usually result from mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle, which allow cells w. damaged DNA to continuously divide
- - - - Benzoyl peroxide: common ingredient in acne products
      - Barbecuing: create mutagenic chemicals in food
      - Nitrate and nitrate Preservatives: in hotdogs and other processed meats
      - Cigarette smoke: contains dozens of mutagenic chemicals
    - - Helicobacter pylori: bacteria spread through contaminated foo
      - Human papillomavirus (HIV): sexually transmitted virus
    - - UV radiation: both natural light and tanning beds
      - X-rays: medical, dental, airport security screening